Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, Ancient and Modern

Sec. 1-The nature and the standard of the Christian
religion-2, Interpretation of the scriptures - 3,
Mode of teaching Christianity-4, The Apostles'
Creed-5, Distinction between catechumens and
the faithful-6, Mode of instructing catechumens
-7, Instruction of children; schools and acade-
mies-8, Secret doctrine-9, Lives and characters
of Christians-10, Excommunication-11, Contro-
versies among Christians-12, Contest about the
terms of salvation-13, Judaizing Christians.

CHAP. IV.-HISTORY OF RITES AND CERE

MONIES .........

Sec. 1.-Baptism and the Lord's Supper appointed

by Christ-2, Rites instituted by the apostles-3,

The Jewish rites retained-4, Public assemblies

of Christians, and times for meeting-5, Places of

meeting-6, Mode of worship-7, Lord's Supper

and Love-feasts-8, Baptism-9, Anointing the

sick-10, Fasting.

CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS SEPARA-

TIONS OR HERESIES

Sec. 1.-Sects sprung up in the very times of the

apostles-2, They gradually increased-3, Sect of

the Gnostics-4, It originated from the oriental

philosophy-5, They occasioned various errors in

regard to the holy scriptures, and other subjects

-6, Gnostic opinions concerning Christ-7, Their

moral doctrines-8, How they supported their

doctrines-9, Causes of disagreement among them

selves 10, Dositheus-11, Simon Magus was not

a heretic-12, His history-13, His doctrines-14,

Menander-15, Whether there was a sect of

Nicolaitans-16, Cerinthus and the Cerinthians-

17, Nazarenes and Ebionites, properly belong to

the second century.

CHAP. I. THE PROSPEROUS EVENTS OF

THE CHURCH...

Scc. 1 Character of the Roman emperors - 2,

Propagation of Christianity in the Roman empire

-3, Countries enlightened by Christianity — 4,

Conversion of the Germans-5, The Gauls con-

verted-6, Translations of the N. T.-7, Apologies

and other writings of Christians-8, Miracles and

extraordinary gifts--9, Miracle of the thundering

legion-10, lt is uncertain-11, Sedition and

slaughter of the Jews-12, Philosophers become

Christians.

CHAP. II.-THE ADVERSE EVENTS OF THE

CHAP. I.-THE STATE OF LEARNING AND

PHILOSOPHY...............................

Sec. 1-State of learning in general-2, 3, Learned
men-4, Rise of the new Platonics-5, Eclectics
at Alexandria-6, Approved by the Christians-
7, Ammonius Saccas 8, His fundamental prin-
ciples-9, His principal doctrines-10, His austere
system of moral discipline-11, His opinions
concerning God and Christ-12, 111 effects of this
philosophy on Christianity-13, The state of
learning among Christians.

CHAP. II.-HISTORY OF THE TEACHERS AND

OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH .. 62

Sec. 1-The form of church government-2, Union

of churches in a province. Origin of councils-

3, Their too great authority gave rise to metro-

politans and patriarchs 4, Parallel between the

Jewish and Christian priesthood-5, The principal

writers.

Sec. 1-Religion yet simple-2, was gradually
changed-3, This proved by an example-4,
Attention to the scriptures-5, Faults of inter-
preters 6, State of dogmatic theology-7, Pole-
mics of this age 8, Excellences and defects of
the controversialists-9, Writers on practical
religion 10, Merits of the fathers in regard to
practical religion-11, Twofold system of prac-
tical religion-12, Hence the Ascetics-13,
Causes of their rise-14, Their progress-15,
Origin of pious frauds-16, A Christian life, and
the discipline of offenders-17, Public penitence
modelled according to the rules of pagan mysteries.

CHAP. IV.-HISTORY OF CEREMONIES ...... 71

Sec. 1-Ceremonies much increased-2, Reasons,

(I.) A desire to enlarge the church-3, (II.) Hope

that they would silence calumnies-4, (III.) Abuse

of Jewish terms-5, (IV.) Imitation of the pagan

mysteries-6, (V.) Mode of instructing by symbols

PAGE

-7, (VI.) Habits of the converts-8, The assem-

blies for worship-9, Contests about the time for

Easter-10, Their importance 11, The Asiatics

and the Romans, the principal parties-12,

Celebration of the Lord's supper-13, Baptism.
CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS SEPARA-

TIONS OR HERESIES.............................................

Sec. I Discord among the Jewish Christians-2,

Hence the Nazarenes and Ebionites-3, Their

impiety4, The sects originating from the

oriental philosophy-5, Elxai and Elcesaites-6,

Saturninus, his extravagances-7, Cerdo and

Marcion-8, Bardesanes-9, Tatian and the

Encratites 10, Peculiar sentiments of the Egyp

tian Gnostics 11, Basilides 12, His enormities

-13, His moral principles-14, Carpocrates-15,

Valentinus 16, His extravagances 17, Various

pects of Valentinians 18, The minor sects of

Valentinians-19, The Ophites 20, Monarchians

and Patropassians-21, Theodotus, Artemon-22,

Hermogenes23, The illiterate sects. Montanus

-24, The success of Montanus and his doctrine.

CENTURY THIRD.

...............

........

CHAP. II. THE ADVERSE EVENTS OF THE

CHURCH

Sec. 1-The persecution of Severus, 2, of Maxi-

minus, the Thracian 3, The cruelty of Decius

led many Christians to deny Christ4, Contro-

versies in the church on this subject, Libelli pacis

-5, Persecutions of Gallus and Volusian-6, of

Valerian-7, State of the church under Gallienus,

Claudius, and Aurelian-8, Attempts of the

philosophers against the Christians-9, Com-

parisons of some philosophers with Christ-10,

Injury thence arising-11, Attempts of the Jews

against the Christians.

PART II.

THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF

THE CHURCH.

CHAP. I. THE STATE OF LEARNING AND

SCIENCE

Sec. 1-Decay of learning-2, State of philosophy,

especially the Platonic, Plotinus-3, This philo-

sophy prevails everywhere-4, Different sects of

it-5, State of learning among Christians.

PAGE

CHAP. II.-HISTORY OF THE TEACHERS AND

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH.......

Sec. 1-Form of the government of the church-
2, What rank the bishop of Rome held in this
century-3, Gradual progress towards a hier-
archy-4, The vices of the clergy-5, Hence the
inferior orders of the clergy-6, Marriage of the
clergy. Their concubines-7, The principal
writers, Grecian and Oriental-8, Latin writers.

CHAP. III.-HISTORY OF THEOLOGY........

Sec. 1-State of Christian theology-2, Sources of

the mystical theology-3, Thence the monks and

Eremites 4, Attention to the holy scriptures

5, Origen's principles of interpretation-6, Other

interpreters 7, State of dogmatic theology-8,

Moral or practical theology-9, Polemic divines

-10, Faults of the disputants 11, Spurious

books 12, The Chiliastic controversy 13,

Controversy respecting the baptism of reclaimed

heretics-14, Disputes concerning Origen.

HERESIES IN THE CHURCH.. ........... 107

Sec. 1-Remains of the ancient sects-2, Manes

and the Manichæans 3, His principles-4, His

doctrine concerning man-5, Concerning the

nature of Christ and of the Holy Spirit-6,

Concerning the offices of Christ and the Com-

forter-7, Concerning the purification and

future condition of souls-8, Concerning the

state of souls not purified-9, His opinion of the

Old and New Testament10, The severity of

his moral principles, and the classification of his

followers-11, The sect of the Hieracites-12,

The Noëtian controversy-13, Sabellius-14,

Berryllus-15, Paul of Samosata-16, Distur

bances in Arabia-17, Novatian controversy-

18, Severities of the Novatians towards the lapsed.

BOOK II.

FROM CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO CHARLEMAGNE.

CENTURY FOURTH.

PART I.

THE EXTERNAL HISTORY OF

THE CHURCH.

PAGE

СНАР. І. THE PROSPEROUS AND THE

ADVERSE EVENTS OF THE CHURCH...... 114

Sec. 1-Peaceful state of Christians at the beginning
of the century-2, Persecution of Diocletian-
3, The causes and the severity of it-4, The
Christian cause reduced to great extremities
5, Tranquillity restored on the accession of
Constantine to supreme power-6, Defeat of
Maxentius 7, 8, Different opinions concerning
the faith of Constantine-9, The cross seen by
him in the heavens-10, Persecution of Licinius
-11, State of the church under the sons of
Constantine the Great-12, Julian persecutes
the Christians-13, His character-14, The Jews
attempt to rebuild their temple in vain-15, State
of the church after the death of Julian-16,
Remains of the pagans-17, Efforts of the philo-
sophers against Christianity-18, Injuries it re-
ceived from them-19, Propagation of Christian-
ity among the Armenians-20, The Abyssinians
and Georgians-21, The Goths-22, The Gauls
-23, The causes of so many revolutions-24,
Severe persecutions in Persia.

8, Vices of the clergy-9, Distinguished writers

in the Greek church-10, Principal writers in

the Latin Church.

PAGE

CHAP III-HISTORY OF THEOLOGY ...... 143
Sec. 1-State of theological learning-2, Increase
of superstition-3, Hence innumerable pious
frauds 4, Interpreters of the sacred volume_
5, Mode of explaining the Christian doctrines-
6, Doctrinal writers-7, State of controversial
theology-8, Disingenuous methods of disputing

9, The principal disputants-10, Practical
theology-11, Faults of the moral writers-12,
The number of mystics increased, and their
doctrines established-13, 14, Monkish societies
-15, Different orders of monks-16, Two per-
nicious moral doctrines-17, Lives and morals
of Christians-18, Controversy with Meletians
-19, The Eustathian troubles-20, The Luci-
ferians 21, The Aërian controversy-22, Jovi-
nianus 23, Controversies relating to Origen-
24, Their extension-25, Controversy respecting
his writings.

CHAP. IV.-HISTORY OF CEREMONIES AND

........... 153

Sec. 1, 2-Ceremonies multiplied-3, Form of
public worship-4, Some parts of it changed-
5, Festal days-6, Fasts-7, Administration of
baptism-8, and of the Lord's supper.

CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF THE HERESIES.... 157

Sec. 1-Remains of the former sects-2, 3, Origin
of the Donatist controversy-4, History of the
Donatists 5, 6, Origin of the Circumcelliones-
7, State of the Donatists under the emperors
Julian and Gratian-8, Their principal crime
-9, The doctrine of this age concerning the
sacred Trinity-10, the rise of Arianism-11, its
progress-12, The Nicene council-13, History
of Arianism after that council-14, under the
sons of Constantine-15, under Julian, Jovian,
&c.-16, Sects among the Arians-17, Heresy
of Apollinaris 18, Marcellus of Ancyra-19,
Heresy of Photinus-20, That of Macedonius.
The council of Constantinople-21, 22, The
Priscillianists-23, The minor sects.
-24, 25, Messalians, or Euchites.

CENTURY FIFTH.

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PAGE

nations-5, The Franks-6, The Irish-7, Causes

of these conversions.

CHAP. II.-THE CALAMITIES OF THE

CHURCH

Sec. 1-The evils suffered by the Christians in the
Roman empire-2, Attempts of the pagans
against them-3, Their persecutions-4, In
Persia 5. Individual enemies of Christianity.

CHURCH, AND ITS TEACHERS............ 179

Sec. 1, 2-The outward form of church government
somewhat changed-3, The prerogatives of
patriarchs 4, Evils arising from their authority
5, Contests between them-6, The power of the
Roman pontiff-7, Vices of the clergy-8, Causes
thereof. The saints 9, Monks 10, Teachers
in the Greek church-11, in the Latin church.

CHAР. III.-HISTORY OF THEOLOGY....... 190

Sec. 1-Many points in theology better ascertained
-2, Increase of superstition-3, Interpretation
of the scriptures-4, Most of the interpreters
incompetent-5, Some were more able-6, State
of dogmatic theology-7, Theological disputants

PAGY

-8, Their faults-9, Hence superstitious books
10, Moral writers-11, Mystics-12, Superstition
of the Stylites-13, Further defects of the
moralists-14, Jerome's controversy with Vigi-
lantius 15, Controversies respecting Origen.

CHAP. IV.-HISTORY OF CEREMONIES AND

RITES.................

Sec. 1-Rites greatly augmented-2, General de-
scription of them-3, Love-feasts. Penitence.

CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS SCHISMS

AND HERESIES

Sec. 1, 2, 3-Old heresies remaining. The Dona-

tists 4, State of the Arians-5, Origin of the

Nestorian sect 6, 7, The occasion of it-8, The

council of Ephesus 9, Opinion respecting this

controversy 10, Progress of Nestorianism after

this council-11, 12, Its propagator, Barsumas

-13, Eutychian sect-14, The council called

Conventus Latronum-15, Council of Chalcedon

-16, Subsequent contests-17, In Syria and

Armenia 18, Troubles occasioned by Peter the

Fuller. Theopaschites-19, The Henoticon of

Zeno-20, produces new contests among the

Eutychians-21, Among the defenders of the

council of Chalcedon-22, The doctrines of Euty-

ches and the Monophysites 23, The Pelagian

controversy-24, Its progress 25, The Predes-

tinarians 26, The semi-Pelagians-27, Various

controversies concerning grace.

196

197

PART II.

THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF

THE CHURCH.

CHAP. I.-THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE

AND SCIENCE............

Sec. 1-The state of learning in the West-2, The

sciences badly taught-3, The study of philosophy

-4, State of learning among the Greeks-5, and

in the East.

213

215

217

CHAP. II.-HISTORY OF THE TEACHERS IN

THE CHURCH

...........

Sec. 1-Contests between the bishops of Constan-

tinople and Rome-2, Endeavours of the latter

to obtain supreme power-3, 4, Corrupt lives of

the clergy-5, The monks-6, Order of Benedict

-7, Its propagation-8, Principal authors among

the Greeks-9, Latin writers.

219

CHAP. III-HISTORY OF THEOLOGY....... 2:29

Sec. 1-Continued deterioration of theology-2,

This exemplified-3, State of exegetical theology

-4, Faults of the interpreters-5. Dogmatic

theology, 6, Practical theology-7, Lives of saints

-8, Polemic theology-9, Contests about Origen-

ism-10, about the three chapters-11, The fifth

general council-12, Contest about one of the

Trinity being crucified.

231

CHAP. IV.-HISTORY OF RITES..............
Sec. 1-Rites multiplied-2, Explanations of the
ceremonies-3, Public worship. The Eucharist.
Baptism-4, Temples. Festivals.

CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF HERESIES AND

SEPARATIONS FROM THE CHURCH...... 235

Sec. 1-Remains of the ancient sects. Manichæans.
Pelagians 2, Donatists 3, Arians 4, State of
the Nestorians-5, Eutychian contests. Severus
-6, Jacobus Baradæus, the father of the Mono-
physites 7, Their state-8, Controversies among
them, The Aguoëtæ-10, Tritheists.