as many more, and two geese and a half, I should have a hundred. How many had he? 9. A and B having found a bag of money, disputed about the division of it. A said that and and of the money made $130, and if B could tell how much money there was, he should have it all, otherwise none of it. How much money was there in the bag? 10. Upon measuring the corn produced in a field, being 96 bushels, it appeared that it had yielded only one third part more than was sown. How much was sown? 11. A man sold 96 loads of hay to two persons; to the first , and to the second of what his stack contained. How many loads did the stack contain at first? of 12. A and B talking of their ages, A says to Bif,, and my age be added to my age, and 2 years more, the sum will be twice my age. What was his age ? 13. What sum of money is that whose,, and part added together amount to £9 ? 3 14. The account of a certain school is as follows: of the boys learn geometry, learn grammar, learn arithmetic, learn spelling, and 9 learn to read. What is the number 3 of scholars in the school? 15. There is a fish whose head weighs 9 lb. his tail weighs as much as his head and half his body, and his body weighs as much as his head and tail both. What is the weight of the fish? Represent the weight of the body by . 16. There is a fish whose head is 4 inches long, the tail is twice the length of the head, added to of the length of the body, and the body is as long as the head and tail both. What is the whole length of the fish? 17. A and B talking of their ages, A says to B, your age is twice and three fifths of my age, and the sum of our ages is 54. What is the age of each? 18. A man divided $40 between two persons; to the first he gave a certain sum, and to the second only as much. How much did he give to each? Let æ denote the share of the first, will denote the share 3x 5 of the second. These added together must make $40. 19. Three persons are to share $290 in the following manmer: the second is to have two thirds, and the third three fourths as much as t s the first. What is the share of each? 20. A farmer wishes to mix 100 bushels of provender, consisting of rye, barley, and oats, so that it may contain as much barley as oats, and as much rye as barley. How much of each must there be in the mixture? 21. Divide 40 apples between two boys in the proportion of 3 to 2. The proportion 3 to 2 signifies that the second will have as many as the first. 22. A gentleman gave to 3 persons £98. The second received five-eighths of the sum given to the first, and the third one-fifth of what the second had. What did each receive? 23. A prize of $1280 was divided between two persons, in the proportion of 9 to 7. What was the share of each? 24. Three men trading in company, put in money in the following proportion; the first 3 dollars as often as the second 7, and the third 5. They gain $960. What is each man's share of the gain? Observe, the second put in of what the first put in, and the third put in §. 25. Three men traded together; the first put in $700, the second $450, and the third $950. They gained $420. What was the share of each ? Observe, the second put in 44 out in, &c of what the first III. 1. Two men, A and B, hired a pasture together for $55, and A was to pay $13 more than B. pay? What did each Suppose B paid a dollars; A was to pay 13 dollars more; therefore he paid x + 13. These put together must make the whole 55 dollars. 2x+13=55 It appears that 2 x is not so much as 55 by 13, therefore taking 13 from 55, Dividing by 2, 2x=55 -13 x=21 B's share. B's share is $21, and A's, being 13 more, is $34, x+13=21+ 13 = 34 : = A's share. Proof. 34+21=55 the whole sum. 2. A man bought a horse and chaise for $300; the horse cost $28 more than the chaise. What was the price of each? 3. A man bequeathed his estate of $12000 to his son and daughter; the son was to have $2350 more than the daughter, What was the share of each ? 4. A father who has three sons, leaves them 16000 crowns. The will specifies that the eldest shall have 2000 crowns more than the second, and that the second shall have 1000 more than the youngest. What is the share of each? Let x denote the number of crowns in the share of the youngest, then x + 1000 will denote the share of the second, and +1000+2000 will denote the share of the eldest. These added together must make the whole sum. x+x+1000 + x + 1000 + 2000 Putting together the a's and the numbers, 3x+4000 16000 = 16000 It appears that 3 x is not so much as 16000 by 4000, therefore subtracting 4000 from 16000, Dividing by 3, x= 4000 share of the youngest. The share of the youngest is 4000 crowns; add to this 1000, it makes 5000, the share of the second, x+1000 5000 share of the second Add 2000 more, it makes 7000, the share of the eldest, x+1000+2000 7000 share of the eldest. Proof. The several shares added make 16000 crowns which is the whole estate. 5. A draper bought three pieces of cloth, which together measured 159 yards; the second piece was 15 yards longer than the first, and the third was 24 yards longer than the second. What was the length of each? 6. A gentleman bequeathed an estate of $65000 to his wife, two sons, and three daughters. The wife was to have $2000 less than the elder son, and $3000 more than the younger son; and the portion of each of the daughters was $3500 less than that of the younger son. Required the share of each. The 1st example may be performed differently. Let x denote the number of dollars paid by A ; B paid $13 less, thereforex-13 will represent the number of dollars paid by B. These added together must make the whole. Putting the x's together, x + x 13 55 2x = -1355 It appears that 2 x is more than 55 by 13, therefore add 13 to 55 to make 2 x, Dividing by 2, This gives A's share $34, from which subtract $13, and it gives Is share $21, as before, -13=21= B's share. In the same manner perform the 2d and 3d. The 4th may be solved in a similar manner. Let the elder son's share be represented by x. The second son's share, being $2000 less, will be x-2000. The younger son's share, being $1000 less still, will be x2000These added together must make the whole sum. = x+x-2000x2000-1000 16000 Putting the x's together and the numbers together, 3 x- 5000 = 16000. 1000. It appears that 3 x is more than 16000 by 5000, therefore add 5000 to 16000, The elder son's share is $7000, as before. The others may be easily found from this. Again, let a denote the second son's share. The elder son's, being $2000 more, will be x + 2000. The younger son's, being $1000 less, will be x-1000. These added together must make the whole. The second son's share is $5000, as before. From this the rest are easily found. Perform the 5th and 6th in a similar way. 7. At a certain election 943 men voted, and the candidate chosen had a majority of 65. How many voted for each? 8. A person employed 4 workmen ; to the first of whom he gave 2 shillings more than to the second; to the second 3 shillings more than to the third; and to the third 4 more than to the fourth. Their wages amounted to 32 shillings. What did each receive? 9. A cask, which held 146 gallons, was filled with a mixture of brandy, wine, and water. In it there were 15 gallons of wine more than there were of brandy, and as much water as both wine and brandy. What quantity was there of each? Observe, that after the question is put into equation, the purpose is to make a stand alone in one member of the equation, equal to a known quantity in the other member, then the value ef r is found. In the preceding examples in this Art. x has been found only in the first member, but connected with known quantities by the signs + and -. In the solution of these equations the first thing was to unite all the x's into one term, and all the known quantities into another. Then, if the number which stood on the same side with x, had the sign + before it, that number was subtracted from the other member of the equation; but if it had the sign-before it, it was added to the other member. Then the second member was divided by the coefficient of x, and the answer was obtained. 10. A and B began to trade with equal stocks. In the first year A gained a sum equal to twice his stock and £27 over; |