The Tivoli Hosiery Mills were established by J. G. Root, of Albany, in 1855. The business is now carried on by J. G. Root's Sons. Eleven sets of machinery are in operation, giving employment to 250 hands and producing 40,000 dozen of all kinds of ladies' and gents' and children's knit goods. The monthly wages amount to $5,500, and the annual sales $350,000.

The Clifton Company operate thirteen sets of machinery, employing 275 hands, producing 40,000 dozen of shirts and drawers, and 40,000 dozen of hose annually. The monthly wages amount to about $6,000.

J. H. Parsons & Co. operate 12 sets of machinery, employing 300 hands, and producing 45,000 dozen shirts and drawers annually. The monthly wages amount to $6,500, and the annual sales to about $400,000.

The Halcyon Mill contains six sets of machinery, employing 150 hands, and manufacturing 20,000 dozen shirts and drawers annually. The monthly wages amount to about $4,000 and the annual sales to $250,000.

The Star Knitting Company operate eight sets of machinery, employing 140 hands, and making 25,000 dozen annually. The monthly wages amount to $5,000, and the annual sales to $250,000.

The Ontario Mill contains four sets of machinery, employing 60 hands and making 15,000 dozen of shirts and drawers annually. The monthly wages amount to $1,200.

The Erie Mills contain three sets of machinery, employing 75 hands and making 18,000 dozen shirts and drawers annually. The monthly wages amount to $2,200, and the annual sales to $125,000.

The Empire Mill contains three sets of machinery, employing 55 hands and making 12,000 dozen shirts and drawers annually. The monthly wages amount to $1,700, and the annual sales to $100,000.

The Riverside Mill contains six sets of machinery, employing 100 hands, making gents' shirts and drawers. The monthly wages amount to $3,000.

The Stark Mill contains two sets of machinery, employing 30 hands and making 12,000 dozen shirts and drawers. The monthly wages amount to $950.

The American Hosiery Mill contains six sets of machinery, employing 180 hands and making gents' shirts, drawers, jackets, half hose &c.

The Diamond Mill contains four sets of machinery, employ

The Mohawk Mill contains four sets of machinery for knit goods, and several machines for the manufacture of cotton yarn. One hundred and twenty hands are employed.

The Victor Mill contains six sets of machinery for the manufacture of knit goods.

The Atlantic Mill contains three sets of machinery, employing 55 hands and making annually 12,000 dozen goods for men's wear. The monthly wages amount to $1,700, and the annual product is valued at $100,000.

The Alaska Knitting Company has but recently become incorporated. Knit goods and all-wool hosiery will be manufactured by this corporation.

The Cohoes Rolling Mill was erected about 1856. The mill and auxiliary building cover an area of ground 500 by 160 feet. The products are shafting, bar and band iron, iron for making gas and steam pipe, trestle work for buildings and bridges, and ax, pick and mattock poll. The best of iron is manufactured at this mill. The ax polls are made solid, and the eye punched by a ponderous machine. The works consume 8,000 tons of coal, 1,200 tons of ore, producing 7,000 tons of bar iron. About 200 hands are employed.

The Cohoes Paper Company, represented by Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, of Albany, erected mills at Cohoes in 1861 and commenced operations in December of the same year. On the 15th of February 1862, the works were destroyed by fire. They were immediately rebuilt and put in operation in October of the same year. The mills have a front on Mohawk Street of 276 feet, and a width of 60 feet, with two wings 50 by 60 and 66 by 60 feet respectively. The machinery is of the most approved kind, and the daily production is about 4,000 pounds. An artesian well has been sunk to the depth of 2,000 feet, but without reaching water.

Burton's Veneering and Sawing Mill was established by Hawes & Baker in 1836. A similar enterprise was soon after started by Mills & Tremain. In 1840 Mr. Wm. Burton entered into partnership with Mr. Tremain, and subsequently became the sole owner of both concerns. The manufactures consist of veneering from foreign and domestic woods, looking-glass backboards, brush-backs, stair-rails, newels, &c. Mahogany, rosewood, satin wood, red and Spanish cedar, and all other woods used in veneering are here manufactured. Over 2,000,000 feet of backboards for picture frames, looking-glasses, &c., are made annually. The establishment contains the most approved ma

six circular saws, one turning lathe, two planers, one "Novelty machine, and many other mechanical devices. About twenty men are employed, and the products are sent to all parts of the United States and Canada.

John Land & Sons occupy a building 50 by 100 feet, and three stories high besides the basement. They are engaged in the manufacture of lumber, having among other machines a "Gray & Wood's" planer, which planes timber 50 feet in length and sixteen inches square. They are extensively engaged in building, and their business extends from Canada to New York City.

The Cohoes Iron Foundry and Machine Shop was established in 1832, by Daniel Wilkinson. The business is now carried on by Fuller & Safely. The buildings now occupied consist of one which is 100 feet by 50, and five stories high, the other 120 feet by 60, and one story high. Messrs. Fuller & Safely occupy the latter for their foundry, and two stories of the former for a machine shop. The remaining part of the building is occupied by different parties, and a great variety of work is carried on. The shop is furnished with machinery for the largest kind of manufactures. By means of a mammoth vertical lathe, situated in the foundry, a cylinder thirteen feet in diameter and the same length can be bored and finished. The immense pump for the Cohoes Water Works was made here. Its weight is about forty tons, and with its attachments, cost $10,000.

The Cohoes Nut Factory of George and Thomas Brooks, occupies a portion of the first floor of Fuller & Safely's building. Wrought iron nuts are extensively manufactured, ten presses being in constant operation.

The Cohoes Knitting Needle Factory of Henry Dawson occupies a portion of the fourth story of Fuller & Safely's building. A large number of hands are employed, the products are of the best quality, and the patronage of the concern extends to all parts of the United States and Canada.

The Magnolia Tape Mills occupy a part of Fuller & Safely's building. The business was started in 1867 by Mr. Duncan, who was soon after succeeded by Messrs. Clancy & Co., the present firm. The products are of superior quality, and are sold chiefly in New York, Chicago and other large cities.

The Cohoes Straw Board Mill is located above the Falls, near the Cohoes Company's dam. The establishment consists of two large buildings, supplied with the most approved machinery for the manufacture of straw board, which is produced in large

The Manufacture of Axes is an important business, and has been for many years. It was established 1834 by Daniel Simmons. The business is now carried on by Weed, Becker & Co., and by the Ten Eyck Manufacturing Company.

The Empire Pin Company was first established at Albany, but removed to Cohoes about 1857. An extensive business is now carried on by E. S. & W. H. Harris, of Albany.

The Sash and Blind Factory of A. J. Griffin is an extensive establishment and turns out the best of work.

Among the other manufactories are the Bobbin Factory of Bogue & Clark, the Bedstead Manufactory of P. S. Holsapple, the Cotton Batting Factory of Brown & Scovel, the Cohoes Flouring Mill, and many other establishments of various kinds.

Though the City Charter passed the Legislature in May 1869, the first election under this Charter was not held until April 12th, 1870, at which Charles H. Adams was elected Mayor, and David J.Johnson, E. W. Lansing, George Campbell, Moses S. Younglove, B. Mulcahy, Walter Witbeck, C. F. North and Charles Hay, were chosen Aldermen.

The Cohoes Gas Light Company was incorporated in 1853, with a capital of $50,000. The present works are located on the Champlain Canal, and have a capacity for producing 280,000 cubic feet daily.

The Cohoes Water Works Company was incorporated in 1856. Its management is in the hands of Water Commissioners, appointed by the City Board of Aldermen. The water is elevated to the reservoir from the upper canal of the Cohoes Company. The reservoir now in course of construction will cover an area of six acres.

GUILDERLAND was formed from Watervliet, Feb. 26, 1803. A portion of the City of Albany was annexed in 1870. It lies near the center of the north border of the County. The surface is very uneven. In the west part the Helderberghs rise to a hight of 800 feet above the general level of the valleys. The central part is undulating, and the eastern part is occupied by numerous sand ridges. The principal streams are the Norman's Kil and its branches, Bozen Kil, Black Creek, Wildehause Kil and Hunger Kil. The lower course of the Norman's Kil in this town is through a narrow ravine with steep clayey banks. The soil is light and sandy in the east, and a gravelly loam mixed with clay in the west. A mineral spring is found on the farm formerly owned by Wm. McGowan.

Guilderland, (p. v.) known also as "Hamiltonville," is situated in the eastern part, on the Hunger Kil, and contains three churches, viz., Presbyterian, Methodist and Roman Catholic; two dry goods stores, a flouring and feed mill, a cotton factory, a wagon shop, a blacksmith shop, a marble shop and about fifty dwellings.

A glass factory was erected here in 1792, and the next year the State loaned the proprietors £3,000 for eight years, three years without interest and five years at five per cent. The place was at this time known as Glass House. In 1796 the ground was laid out into streets and lots, under the name of Hamilton, and it was proposed to establish a manufacturing town. To encourage the project the Company and workmen were exempt from taxation for five years. In 1815 the works were discontinued for the want of fuel.

Guilderland Center, (p. v.,) on Black Creek, contains two stores, several mechanic shops and about twenty houses.

Knowersville,(p. v.) in the western part, contains a hotel, a store, several mechanic shops and about a dozen dwellings. A tavern was kept here during the Revolution, by Jacob Acker. There was also a factory in 1800.

Dunnsville, (p. o.,) in the northern part, is a hamlet.

Guilderland Station, (p. o.) in the south part, is a station on the Albany and Susquehanna R. R.

French's Mills, near the center, received its name from Abel French, who erected a factory here in 1800. Clothing works were erected here in 1795, by Peter K. Broeck. "Spafford's Gazetteer," published in 1813, says, Guilderland contains a "factory where are made 500,000 feet of window glass annually." There are a hundred looms in families which make annually about 25,000 yards of cloth for common clothing." During the Revolution a portion of the inhabitants adhered to the British, and the feuds which grew up between families and neighborhoods continued for a long time. The news of Burgoyne's surrender was celebrated by the Whigs by burning a hollow chestnut tree on a hill, a barrel of tar having previously been poured down its trunk.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church (St. John's,) was organized October 13, 1787. Heinrich Moeller was the first pastor.

State Road M. E. Church was organized in 1864 by E. E. Taylor, with thirty members. John N. Short was the first pastor. A house of worship was erected in 1865 at a cost of nearly $4,000. Its seating capacity is 300. The present membership is 61, and the present pastor is D. Brough.