Mr. Riley found the name spelt Shorhog in A.D. 1287 and 1320. Benedict Shorne could have had no concern in it, nor does the church, except in Stow's dreams, ever appear to have been called Shorne. The old burying-ground of the parish still remains in Pancras Lane, Queen Street, Cheapside, the furthest on the left-hand side before Bucklersbury is entered. Edward Hall, the chronicler, "gentleman of Gray's Inn, Common-Serjeant of this City, and then Under-Sheriff of the same," was buried in the church of St. Benet Sherehog; as were, in 1652, John Greaves, mathematician and antiquary, and in 1664, Mrs. Katherine Philips, "the matchless Orinda." She also wrote an epitaph on an infant who was buried there.1 St. Osyth, Queen and Martyr, was patron of the church till displaced by Benedict. Size Lane, Bucklersbury, is a corruption of "St. Osyth's Lane."

Mr. Ferrar (father of Nicholas Ferrar) repaired and decently seated at his own expense the church and chancel, and as there was no morning preacher, he brought from the country Mr. Francis White, afterwards Bishop successively of Carlisle, Norwich, and Ely.-Peckard in Mayor's Ferrar, p. 66 (n). Mr. Ferrar lived in St. Sythe's [Size] Lane.

William Sautre, the parish priest of St. Osithe's, in London, and formerly of St. Margaret's, at Lynn, in Norfolk, was the first victim under the new statute, and the first martyr for the Reformation in England. -Southey, Book of the Church.

Foxe calls him "Sir William Chartres, otherwise Sautre." The decree of Henry IV. ordering the burning is dated Westminster, February 26, 1400. The ceremony of his degradation is described by Foxe, vol. iii. p. 228.

Bennet Street, ST. JAMES's, runs from the west side of St. James's Street to Arlington Street. It was begun 1689,2 and so called after Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, one of the Cabal in the reign of Charles II. [See Arlington Street.]

Eminent Inhabitants.-No. 4, Lord Byron, 1813-1814. No. 14, John Zoffany, R.A., 1796. Leonidas Glover at No. 9.

Bentinck Street, MANCHESTER SQUARE, leads from Welbeck Street to Hinde Street. It was named after William Bentinck, second Duke of Portland (d. 1762). The Portland property in this neighbourhood was acquired by his marriage, July 11, 1734, to the Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, only daughter and heir of Edward, Earl of Oxford, and the heiress of the Harley family. The duke's eldest daughter by Henrietta Cavendish Holles married Thomas Thynne, the third Viscount Weymouth and first Marquis of Bath: hence Weymouth Street, Portland Place. In the house No. 7 in this street Gibbon the historian lived for ten years. On December 11, 1772, Gibbon wrote to Holroyd from his lodgings in Pall Mall that he had "as good as taken Lady Rous's lease in Bentinck Street;" on August 18, 1783, he reports to the same tried friend that "on Thursday morning the bulk of the library moves from Bentinck Street," and on the 22d that the 1 Works (fol. 1667), p. 134.

2 Rate-books of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.

transportation is achieved, and that "Bentinck Street is reduced to a light, ignorant habitation, which I shall inhabit till about the first of September." His residence thus extended over more than ten years, and those the most busy and important of his life. He was member successively for Liskeard and for Lymington, and held the office of Lord Commissioner of Trade and Plantations, whose "perpetual virtual adjournment, and unbroken sitting," Burke so happily ridicules. Here he wrote and published the first half of his Decline and Fall. Vol. i. was published in February 1776, and vols. ii. and iii. in February 1781. His Vindication of some Passages in the 15th and 16th Chapters was also written in this house. He was an early riser, and describes himself as being employed in "destroying an army of barbarians" at half-past seven in the morning, when Lord Eliot came to offer him his pocket borough of Liskeard. In his Autobiography he describes No. 7 Bentinck Street as "a small house between a street and a stable-yard," and his mode of living in it as "the economy of a solitary bachelor, who might afford some occasional dinners." The house still stands, and is easily distinguished by the old-fashioned doorway in its centre.

For my own part, my late journey has only confirmed me in the opinion that number seven in Bentinck Street is the best house in the world. - Letter to Lord Sheffield, January 17, 1783.

The chosen part of my library is now arrived, and arranged in a room full as good as that in Bentinck Street, with this difference indeed, that instead of looking on a stone court, twelve feet square, I command from three windows of plate glass an unbounded prospect of many a league of vineyard, of fields, of wood, of lake, and of mountains. Letter to Lady Sheffield, Lausanne, October 22, 1784.

Francis Bartolozzi the engraver was living in Bentinck Street in 1781. Charles Dickens lived in this street with his father when acting as a newspaper reporter.

In his father's house, which was at Hampstead, though the first portion of the Mornington Street school time, then in the house west of Seymour Street mentioned by Mr. Dawson, and afterwards, on the elder Dickens going into the gallery as reporter for the Morning Herald, in Bentinck Street, Manchester Square, Charles had continued to live; and influenced doubtless by the example before him, he took sudden determination to qualify himself thoroughly for what his father was lately become, a newspaper parliamentary reporter.-Forster's Life of Dickens, B. i. chap. 3.

Bentinck Street, SOHO, a turning out of Berwick Street. Here was the studio of Sherwin the engraver, to whom J. T. Smith was apprenticed.

Berghené, a district in Southwark, which was afterwards known as Little Burgundy.

It represents approximately, for it is impossible now to define the exact boundaries, some considerable space, east and west, between Tooley Street and Battle Bridge, otherwise Mill Lane, and north and south the ground now occupied by all but the river-side parts of Cotton's, the Depôt, and Hey's Wharfs, together with part of Tooley Street and much ground which the railway now covers. Tooley Street with or without the Berghené, was known as Short Southwark.-Rendle's Old Southwark and its People, 1878, p. 271.

In the accounts of the churchwardens of St. Olave's, 1582, the

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place is described as "the Borgyney," and in a grant (36 Henry VIII.) to Robert Curson of divers tenements, late belonging to the priory of St. Mary Overy, refers to "Petty Burgen" in the parish of St. Olave in the Borough of Southwark. There is an article on the Berghené by Mr. George Corner in Notes and Queries, 2d S., vol. ii. p. 86.

Berkeley House, PICCADILLY, stood where Devonshire House now stands, on the site of a farm called "Hay Hill Farm," a name still preserved in the surrounding streets. It was designed about the year 1665 by Hugh May (the brother of Bap. May), for John, Lord Berkeley of Stratton (d. 1678), the hero of Stratton fight, one of the minor battles of the Civil War under Charles I. The gardens were very extensive, including Berkeley Square and the grounds now attached to Lansdowne House, as well as those belonging to Devonshire House.

May 22, 1666.-Waited on my Lord Chancellor at his new palace, and Lord Berkeley's built next to it.-Evelyn.

September 25, 1672.—I din'd at Lord John Berkeley's, newly arrived out of Ireland, where he had been Deputy: it was in his new house, or rather palace, for I am assured it stood him in neere £30,000. It is very well built, and has many noble roomes, but they are not very convenient, consisting but of one Corps de Logis: they are all roomes of state, without clossets. The staire-case is of cedar; the furniture is princely; the kitchen and stables are ill-placed, and the corridore worse, having no report to the wings they joyne to. For the rest, the fore-court is noble; so are the stables; and above all, the gardens, which are incomparable by reason of the inequalitie of the ground, and a pretty piscina. The holly hedges on the terrace I advised the planting of. The porticos are in imitation of a house described by Palladio, but it happens to be the worst in his booke; though my good friend, Mr. Hugh May, his Lordship's architect, effected it.—Evelyn.

In his Life of Mrs. Godolphin, Evelyn describes Berkeley House as 'one of the most magnificent pallaces of the Towne."

June 12, 1684.-I went to advise and give directions about the building two streetes in Berkeley Gardens, reserving the house and as much of the garden as the breadth of the house. In the meanetime, I could not but deplore that sweete place (by far the most noble gardens, courts, and accommodations, stately porticoes, etc., anywhere about towne) should be so much straightened and turned into tenements. But that magnificent pile and gardens contiguous to it, built by the late Lord Chancellor Clarendon, being all demolished, and designed for piazzas and buildings, was some excuse for my Lady Berkeley's resolution of letting out her ground also for so excessive a price as was offered, advancing neere £1000 per ann. in mere groundrents; to such a mad intemperance was the age come of building about a citty by far too disproportionate already to the nation; I having, in my time, seene it almost as large again as it was within my memory.-Evelyn.

When the Princess Anne, afterwards Queen Anne, was driven from the Cockpit at Whitehall by her sister, who could not prevail on her to part with the Duchess of Marlborough1 (then only Lady M.), she took up her abode in Berkeley House, where she remained till her sister's death, when St. James's Palace was settled upon her by King William III.

"And now,” writes the Duchess of Marlborough, "it being publicly known that the quarrel was made up, nothing was to be seen but crowds of people of all sorts,

1 Evelyn, 4to ed., vol. ii. p. 45; Rate-books of St. Martin's, 1694; Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough, ed. 1762, p. 43.

flocking to Berkeley House, to pay their respects to the Prince and Princess : a sudden alteration which, I remember, occasioned the half-witted Lord Caernarvon to say one night to the Princess, as he stood close by her in the Circle, 'I hope your Highness will remember that I came to wait upon you, when none of this company did': which caused a great deal of mirth."-Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough, ed. 1742, p. 60.

Berkeley House was bought1 by the first Duke of Devonshire, who had so great a hand in the Revolution of 1688. The duke died here in 1707. The house (the staircase of which was painted by Laguerre) was destroyed by fire, October 16, 1733,2 and rebuilt as now seen (the new portico and marble staircase excepted) from designs by William Kent, for William Cavendish, third Duke of Devonshire. John Vander Vaart (d. 1721) painted a violin against a door of this house, that is said by Walpole to have deceived everybody. The violin escaped the fire, and is now at Chatsworth.

Berkeley House, SPRING GARDENS, built by Frederick Augustus, Earl of Berkeley, in 1772, on the site of the building now occupied by the Metropolitan Board of Works. The house was purchased by Government in 1862 and pulled down. The Hon. Grantley T. Berkeley devotes a chapter of his Life and Recollections, 1865, to his recollections of this house and of the distinguished persons who visited it during his father's lifetime (vol. i. pp. 78-95).

Berkeley Square, so called from Berkeley House [which see]. On the south side Lansdowne House, designed in 1765 by Robert Adam, for the Earl of Bute (the minister), and then sold to the Earl Shelburne, afterwards first Marquis of Lansdowne, for £20,000. No. 44 was designed by William Kent for Lady Isabella Finch; Walpole commends the staircase in the highest terms, and the saloon is still one of the loftiest in London. In 1774 the great Lord Clive put an end to himself in No. 45 with a razor; some say with a penknife. No. II was the house to which Horace Walpole removed from Arlington Street (October 14, 1779), and in which (1797) he died; and here his niece, the Countess of Waldegrave, was living in the year 1800.

According to Mr. Beloe the last anecdote which he heard Horace Walpole relate was the following:

In the time of Sir Robert Walpole it was the established etiquette that the Prime Minister returned no visits; but on his leaving office Sir Robert took the earliest opportunity of visiting his friends; and one morning he happened to pass for this purpose through Berkeley Square, the whole of which had actually been built whilst he was Minister, and he had never before seen it. This incident alone prevailed upon his son Horace to take the first opportunity which offered of purchasing a house here.-Beloe's Sexagenarian, vol. i. p. 291.

Beloe, it will be observed, says that the whole of Berkeley Square "had been actually built whilst he [Walpole] was minister." This is

1 Rate-books of St. Martin's, 1697.

2 The Daily Journal of October 17, 1733, gives a long account of the fire.

of course incorrect. The ground was laid out and the buildings commenced, 1698, in the reign of Anne, but the progress was slow, and perhaps fitful, and the houses were only completed during Walpole's ministry. But even this is sufficient to refute an anecdote related by the painter Haydon, that Coke of Holkham (Earl of Leicester) told him that he remembered when "where Berkeley Square now stands was a capital place for snipe."1 Coke of Holkham, though of a good age when he told the story, was not born till 1752, ten years after the termination of Walpole's ministry.

October 11, 1779.—I am removing into a new house in London that I bought last winter. It is in Berkeley Square, whither for the future you must direct. It is a charming situation and a better house than I wanted,—in short, I would not change my two pretty mansions for any in England.—Walpole to Mann.

October 14, 1779.-I came to town this morning to take possession of Berkeley Square, and am as well pleased with my new habitation as I can be with anything at present. Lady Shelburne's being queen of the palace over against me, has improved the view since I bought the house.-Walpole to Lady Ossory.

I have told you before of the savage state we are fallen into: it is now come to such perfection that one can neither stir out of one's house safely, nor stay in it with safety. I was sitting here very quietly under my calamity on Saturday night when, at half an hour after ten, I heard a loud knock at the door. I concluded that Mr. Conway or Lady Aylesbury had called after the Opera to see how I did; nobody came up; a louder knock. I rang to know who it was; but before the servants could come to me, the three windows of this room and the next were broken about my ears by a volley of stones, and so were those of the hall and the library below, as a hint to me how glad I must be of my Lord Rodney's victory six or eight months ago. In short he had dined at the London Tavern, with a committee of the Common Council; for the Mayor and Aldermen had refused to banquet him. Thence he had paraded through the whole town to his own house at this end, with a rabble at his heels breaking windows for not being illuminated, for which no soul was prepared, as no soul thought on him; but thus our conquerors triumph. My servants went out, and begged these Romans to give them time to light up candles, but to no purpose; and were near having their brains dashed out.—Walpole to Mann, November 26, 1782.

The mother of a gentleman who died not many years since recollected this veteran [Colley Cibber] perfectly, standing at the parlour window of his house in Berkeley Square (at the corner of Bruton Street) drumming with his fingers on the frame. Fitzgerald's Garrick, vol. i. p. 104, note.

Cibber died at this house. The second Earl of Chatham lived at No. 6. At this house his brother, William Pitt, then Prime Minister, received a deputation from the City of London, who brought him his letters of freedom and attended him to a banquet given in his honour at the Hall of the Grocers' Company. No. 28 was the residence of Lord Brougham whilst Chancellor. He took it of Earl Grey (its previous occupant), and when he left it in 1834, as Bromley, Lord Grey's agent, told Haydon, 'never was house left in such a filthy condition." At No. 38 (now Lord Londesborough's), in the year 1804, the Earl of Jersey was married to Lady Sophia Fane, eldest daughter of John, tenth Earl of Westmorland—a celebrated beauty and for fifty years leader of fashion in London. The house in 1804 belonged to 1 Life of Haydon, by his son, vol. ii. p. 360.

2

2 Ibid., vol. ii. p. 418.