virtue of their office or selected from the great officers of state, and the master of the hospital, whose income is £800 a year, besides a capital residence within the walls, etc. Eminent Masters of the House. -Francis Beaumont (d. 1624), cousin of the dramatist. Sir Robert Dallington, author of Aphorismes (d. 1637). George Garrard, the gossiping correspondent of the great Lord Strafford. Martin Clifford ; he is said to have had a hand in The Rehearsal, and Sprat wrote his Life of Cowley in the form of a letter to him. Dr. Thomas Burnet, author of the Theory of the Earth; he was master between 1685 and 1715. Eminent Schoolmasters.-The Rev. Andrew Tooke (Tooke's Pantheon) (d. January 20, 1731). Matthew Raine, D.D.; there is a monument with an inscription by Dr. Parr. Eminent Scholars.Thomas Dryden, the poet's third son, was admitted on the foundation, February 1683, on the nomination of King Charles. Richard Crashaw, the poet, author of Steps to the Temple. Isaac Barrow, the divine, was here for two or three years; he was celebrated at school for his love of fighting. Sir William Blackstone, author of the Commentaries. Joseph Addison. Sir Richard Steele. These two were scholars at the same time. John Wesley, the founder of the Wesleyans. Wesley imputed his after health and long life to the strict obedience with which he performed an injunction of his father's, that he should run round the Charter House playing-green three times every morning. Rev. William Cawthorne Unwin, the friend of Cowper. The first Lord Ellenborough (Lord Chief-Justice). By his own desire Lord Ellenborough was buried in the Chapel of the Charter House "in grateful remembrance of his education there." Peter Templeman, M.D. (1711-1769), Secretary of the Society of Arts. Thomas Day (1748-1789), author of Sandford and Merton. William Seward (1747-1799), author of Anecdotes. Rev. William Jones of Nayland (1726-1800). Charles Manners Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury (1755-1828). Frederick Henry Yates (1797-1842), actor. Sir Cresswell Cresswell (1793-1863). Archdeacon Julius Charles Hare (1795-1855). Mr. Baron Alderson (1787-1857). Owen Jones (1809-1874). Ralph Bernal Osborne (d. 1882). Lord Liverpool (the Prime Minister). Bishop Monk. W. M. Thackeray. Sir C. L. Eastlake, P.R.A. The two eminent historians of Greece, Bishop Thirlwall and George Grote, were both together in the same form under Dr. Raine. General Sir Henry Havelock (1795-1857). John Leech, the genial caricaturist (1817-1864). Poor Brethren.Elkanah Settle, the rival and antagonist of Dryden; he died here, February 12, 1723-1724. John Bagford, the antiquary (d. 1716); he was originally a shoemaker in Turnstile, afterwards a bookseller, and left behind him a large collection of materials for the history of printing, subsequently bought by the Earl of Oxford, and now a part of the Harleian Collection in the British Museum; but Bagford has the bad reputation of being not only a collector but an unscrupulous mutilator of old books. He used to cut out the title-pages and otherwise tamper with such copies of the old printers as came into. his hands. Isaac de Groot, by several descents the nephew of Hugo Grotius; he was admitted at the earnest intercession of Dr. Johnson. Alexander Macbean (d. 1784), Johnson's assistant in his Dictionary. John Major, bookseller. James Yeowell, "probably the last non-juror, if not the last Jacobite, in England," for many years sub-editor of Notes and Queries, died a pensioner in the Charter House in 1875. J. C. Pepusch, the musical composer, was organist, and died here July 20, 1752. He was buried in the chapel. Observe. The ante-chapel, the south wall of the chapel (repaired in 1842 under the direction of Edward Blore, architect), and the west wall of the great hall; parts of old Howard House (for such it was once called); the great staircase; the governor's room, with its panelled chimney-piece, ceiling, and ornamental tapestry; that part of the great hall with the initials T. N. (Thomas, Duke of Norfolk); Sutton's tomb in the chapel (by Stone and Jansen). On opening the vault in 1842 the body of the founder was discovered in a coffin of lead, adapted to the shape of the body, like an Egyptian mummy-case. In the Master's lodge are several excellent portraits—the founder, engraved by Vertue for Bearcroft's book; Isaac Walton's good old Morley, Bishop of Winchester; Charles II.; Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham; Duke of Monmouth; Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury; William, Earl of Craven (the Queen of Bohemia's Earl); Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury; Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham; Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury; Lord Chancellor Somers; and one of Kneller's finest works, the portrait of Dr. Thomas Burnet, the most eminent Master of the Hospital of King James. Charterhouse Street was the name of the short turning leading from Long Lane to Charterhouse Square, but the name, for some inscrutable reason, was changed a few years ago by the Metropolitan Board of Works to HAYNE STREET. Since then the City authorities have given the name of CHARTERHOUSE STREET to the new street from Holborn Circus to St. John Street (opposite Charterhouse Lane), which crosses the Farringdon Road and passes in front of the Central Meat Market. Charterhouse Yard or Square. A little without the Barres of West Smithfield is Charterhouse Lane; but in the large yard before there are many handsome palaces, as Rutland House, and one where the Venetian ambassadors were used to lodge; which yard hath lately bia conveniently railed, and made more neat and comely.-Howell's Londinopolis, fol. 1657, p. 343. Richard Baxter, the Nonconformist divine, at the end of 1686 took a house in this place. John Howe, the famous preacher, lived for a time in the square, and died there, December 8, 1691. William Wollaston, author of the Religion of Nature Delineated, died here October 29, 1724, "and for above thirty years before his death he had not been absent from his habitation in Charterhouse Square so much as one whole night."1 1 Clark's Life of Wollaston, prefixed to his ed. of the Religion of Nature, p. xiv. August 18, 1617.-Lord Roos has sold his house in Charterhouse Yard, pawned his plate and jewels, and gone off secretly with his Spanish servant, Don Diego.Cal. State Papers, 1611-1618, p. 482. His defection to the Church of Rome is lamented by the Rev. Thomas Birch as an astonishing instance of degeneracy in the heir of the house of Burghley. Chatelain's, a famous ordinary in Covent Garden, established in the reign of Charles II., and much frequented by the wits and men of fashion of the latter part of the 17th century. March 13, 1667-1668.-At noon all of us to Chatelin's, the French house in Covent Garden, to dinner; Brouncker, J. Minnes, W. Pen, T. Harvey, and myself; and there had a dinner cost us 8s. 6d. apiece, a base dinner, which did not please us at all.-Pepys. April 22, 1668.-To Chatelin's, the French house in Covent Garden, and there with musick and good company . . and mighty merry till ten at night. This night the Duke of Monmouth, and a great many blades were at Chatelin's, and I left them there, with a hackney coach attending him.-Pepys. When he [Lord Keeper Guildford] was out of commons, the cook usually provided his meals; but at night he desired the company of some known and ingenious friends to join in a costelet and a sallad at Chattelin's, where a bottle of wine sufficed.— North, 8vo ed., vol. i. p. 95. Sparkish. Come; but where do we dine? Horner. Even where you will. Sparkish. At Chateline's.-Wycherley, The Country Wife, 4to, 1675. Stanford. One that but the other day could eat but one meal a day, and that at a threepenny ordinary, now struts in state and talks of nothing but Shattelin's and Lefrond's.-Shadwell, The Sullen Lovers, 4to, 1668. James. Sir, your father bids me tell you he is sent for to Chatolin's, to some young blades he is to take up money for.-Shadwell, The Miser, 4to, 1672; and see his Humourists, 1671. Sir Arthur Addel. Come prettie, let's go dine at Chateline's, and there I'll tell you my whole business.—Caryl, Sir Salomon, 4to, 1671. Nor is he one you call a Town-Gallant, That at Jero's or Sattlin's goes to dinner And thence repairs to th' Play to meet a sinner. Ravenscroft, Epilogue to the Citizen turned Gentleman, 4to, 1677. At Locket's, at Gifford's, or with Shataline. D'Urfey, Prologue to the Fool turned Critick, 4to, 1678. See also Otway's Friendship in Fashion, 1678 (Works, vol. i. p. 217). Chatham Place (originally Chatham Square), the wide part of Bridge Street, north of BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE, was so called after William Pitt, the great Earl of Chatham. Blackfriars Bridge, when first opened, was called by order of the Common Council "Pitt Bridge," but that title was soon entirely dropped, and Chatham Place is now absorbed in New Bridge Street and the Thames Embankment. In No. 8 Chatham Place, the house of Dr. Budd, one of the physicians. of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Lord Nelson's Lady Hamilton, when Emma Lyon, lived in the humble situation of a nursery-maid. At the same time the housemaid at Dr. Budd's was Mrs. Powell, then young and unknown, but afterwards celebrated for her beauty and her talents as an actress. Brass Crosby, Lord Mayor in 1770, died (1793) at his house in Chatham Place. In the subscription list to Cowper's Homer Dr. Budd's address is Chatham Square; and in Faden's Plan of London and Westminster, 1819, the place is still called Chatham Square. Cheap (Ward or), one of the twenty-six wards of London, “and taketh name," says Stow, "of the market there kept, called Westcheaping." It extends eastward from Honey Lane, on the north side of Cheapside, and a few yards east of Bow Lane on the south side to St. Mildred's Court and the Mansion House, and southwards from the Guildhall and Gresham Street to Pancras Lane. Stow enumerates seven churches in this ward:-St. Sythe, or St. Benet Sherehog; St. Pancras, Soper Lane; St. Mildred's-in-the-Poultry; St. Mary Colechurch; St. Martin's Pomerie; Allhallows, Honey Lane; St. Lawrence-in-the-Jewry. The whole seven were destroyed in the Great Fire, and only two rebuilt, St. Mildred's-in-the-Poultry, demolished in 1875, and St. Lawrence Jewry. The Guildhall, Grocers' Hall, and Mercers' Chapel are in this ward. St. Mary-le-Bow, or Bow Church, is in Cordwainers' Ward. Cheapside, originally CHEAP, or WEST CHEAP, a street between the Poultry and St. Paul's, a portion of the line from Charing Cross to the Royal Exchange, and from Holborn to the Bank of England. At the west end of this Poultry and also of Bucklesbury, beginneth the large street of West Cheaping, a market-place so called, which street stretcheth west till ye come to the little Conduit by Paul's Gate.-Stow, p. 99. As late as the 14th century the north side of Cheapside from the Guildhall was open ground reserved for jousts and other entertainments. The market was held in the middle of the street. Thus, in an article concerning markets of the time of Edward I. it is ordered that "All manner of victuals that are sold by persons in Chepe, upon Cornhulle, and elsewhere in the City, such as bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides and skins, onions and garlic, and all other small victuals, for sale as well by denizens as by strangers, shall stand midway between the kennels of the streets, so as to be a nuisance to no one, under pain of forfeiture of the article." While upon fair-days no market was to be held, "as well for pots, pans, hutches and coffers, as for other utensels of iron and brass."1 The taverns in Chepe, always numerous, were not to "have an alestake bearing the sign, or leaves [the well-known bush that good wine needs not] projecting or extending over the street more than 7 feet in length, at the utmost." The street and market regulations were in other respects equally stringent, and it is clear the Chepe was then the most frequented, as it was the central part of the City, and hence in all the out-door municipal ceremonials the Chepe figures prominently. Thus when the new Lord Mayor returns after having taken his oath of office at the Exchequer, he is to be "accompanied through the middle of the market of West-Chepe" by the livery of the company to which he belongs, the serjeant-at-arms, the macebearers and the sword-bearer going before him, a sheriff bearing a white 1 Liber Albus, p. 228. wand on each side, and the recorder and aldermen following in order.1 On the other hand it was the common place of public exposure. Thus, if for the second time "any default shall be found in the bread of a baker of the City," he is to be "drawn upon a hurdle from the Guildhall through the great street of Chepe, in manner aforesaid [that is where the streets are most dirty, with the faulty loaf hanging from his neck'] to the pillory; and to be put upon the pillory and remain there at least one hour in the day." 2 So, when in 1311, an examination was made throughout the City "as to false hats" it was alleged were being sold, "and it was found upon the oath of the said examiners that forty gray and white hats and fifteen black hats . . . were of false workmanship and a mixture of wool and flocks; therefore it was adjudged that they should be burnt in the street of Chepe." False kidels and nets with meshes below the standard size; caps there were insufficiently filled, and moreover were "oiled with grease that was rank and putrid," such caps being "false and made in deceit of the commonalty;" "false and vamped up " gloves and braels (or girdles); hucksters' "chopyns" (or pint measures) short in quantity; dorsers (the baskets in which fish were brought to market) which were not of rightful measure," and other false and deceitful commodities, are to be "burnt in the strete of the Chepe and their makers or vendors find," and in the case of the dorsers "the fish which they contain is to be forfeited to the use of the sheriffs." By the foundation charter of the Goldsmiths' Company, 1 Edward III. (1327), all of the trade were directed to "sit in their shops in the High Street of Chepe, and that no silver in plate, nor vessel of gold or silver, should be sold in the City of London, except in the said street of Chepe or in the King's Exchange." "3 At that time [1563] Cheapside, which is worthily called the Beauty of London, was on the north side, very meanely furnished, in comparison of the present estate.Howes, ed. 1631, p. 869. Thomas Wood [goldsmith], one of the sheriffs in the year 1491, dwelt there [Wood Street, Cheapside]; he was an especial benefactor towards the building of St. Peter's Church at Wood Street End; he also built the beautiful front of houses in Cheape over against Wood Street End, which is called Goldsmiths' Row, garnished with the likeness of woodmen.-Stow, pp. III, 129. October 26, 1622.-It was remembered how impoverished [the City] is since the last loan; and it is a strange sight to see the meaner trades creep into Goldsmiths' Row, the glory and beauty of Cheapside.-Chamberlain to Carleton, Cal. State Papers, 1619-1623, p. 457. the golden Cheapside, where the earth Of Julian Herrick gave to me my birth. Herrick, Tears to Thamysis. At this time [1630] and for diuers yeares past, the Goldsmiths' Roe in Cheapside was and is much abated of her wonted store of Goldsmiths which was the beauty of that famous streete, for the young Goldsmiths, for cheapnesse of dwelling, take them houses in Fleet Street, Holborne, and the Strand, and in other streets and 2 Ibid. p. 232. 3 Herbert's History of the Twelve Great 1 Liber Albus, p. 23. VOL. I Livery Companies of London, vol. ii. p. 128; 2 B |