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Durham Rents, STRAND. In this place, which was close to the present Durham Street, was printed "The Myrroure of owre Lady, Fynyshed and Imprynted in the Suburbes of the famous Citye of London, without Temple Barre, by me, Richard Fawkes, dwellynge in Durresme Rents, or else in Powles Churche Yard, at the Sygne of the A.B.C. 1530." "1 On December 9, 1614, a lease was granted from Thomas Wilson of Hertford to James Bovy, Serjeant of the Cellar of "the Sill House in the Strand, near Durham House." 2 The Sill stood probably by Durham Rents, and must be the dwelling-house referred to in the following indenture :—

October 1, 1618.-Indenture of sale from Sir Thomas Wilson, of Hertford, now residing in St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, of a dwelling-house, garden, etc., in St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, between Durham House, Britain's Burse, York House, and the River, to Wm. Roo of London, for £374.—Cal. State Papers, 1611-1618, p. 581.

Sir Thomas Wilson was at this time in charge of Sir Walter Raleigh in the Tower, and endeavouring to betray him into admissions of criminality. Sir Walter was executed on October 29, 1618.

Durham Street, in the STRAND. [See Durham House.]

Durham Yard, STRAND, on the river side and a part of the grounds of Durham House.

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Durham Yard, anciently Duresme House, as being the residence of the Bishops of Durham. Of later times this Durham-yard came to Philip Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, in consideration (say some) to pay to the see of Durham £200 per annum, which grant was confirmed by Act of Parliament, dated the 16th of Charles I. And it was by his son built into tenements or houses, as now they are standing, being a handsome street descending down out of the Strand.-Strype, B. vi. pp. 75, 76.

From some satirical verses, printed by Anthony à Wood, respecting Le Tellier, Archbishop and Duke of Rheims, who came to England in April 1677 to "treat about a marriage with the Lady Mary, daughter of the Duke of York, with the Dauphin," it would seem that even then Durham Yard was a place of questionable resort. For

The bishop who from France came slowly o'er
Did go to Betty Beaulie's;

and this Betty, we are told in a note, was "an old bawd in Durham
Yard." 3
In Dryden's Sir Martin Marr-all, the scene of which is laid
in Covent Garden, Lady Dupe speaks of Durham Yard as if it were the
usual landing-place for that neighbourhood; and in The Tatler of June
7, 1709, mention is made of "a certain lady who left her coach at the
New Exchange door in the Strand, and whipt down Durham Yard into
a boat with a young gentleman for Fox Hall." Sir Godfrey Kneller's
first London residence was in Durham Yard.4 David Garrick in his
short-lived venture as a wine merchant had his "vaults" in this yard.
His brother was his partner. "Foote used sarcastically to say that he
remembered Garrick living in Durham Yard, with three quarts of
4 Walpole's Anecdotes, Works, 4to, 1798, vol.
iv. p. 364, note.

1 Harleian Cat., vol. iii. p. 152.

2 Cal. State Papers, 1611-1618, p. 262.

3 Wood's Autobiography, p. 196.

"2

vinegar in the cellar, calling himself a Wine Merchant." 1 During a part of the time that Garrick had his vault in Durham Yard his friend Johnson had his "garret in the Strand," at "the Black Boy over against Durham Yard." There was an earlier wine merchant than Garrick in Durham Yard, one Brinsden, whom Voltaire addresses as dear John," wishes "good health and a quick sale of your Burgundy," and shows, by the general tenor of his letter, that in the bright springtime of his genius the great French writer must have been a frequent visitor at "durham's yard by charing cross."

Dutch Church. [See Austin Friars.]

The

Dyers' Hall, No. 10 DOWGATE HILL. The ancient hall of the Dyers' Company, which stood near the Thames, a short distance west of London Bridge, was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The site is marked by DYERS' HALL WHARF AND PIER, immediately west of Old Swan Pier. The hall was not rebuilt, and for several years the Company met at Salters' Hall.3 In 1720 they had their hall next Coldharbour; while Maitland in 1729 says that "the Company has converted one of their houses in Little Elbow Lane, Dowgate Hill, into a hall to transact their business in," 5 which fell down in 1768. next hall was erected about 1770. It was a tolerably spacious unassuming building, the exterior distinguished by a double flight of steps, but not by any architectural merit. The present hall was rebuilt 1839-1840 (Charles Dyer, architect). Some additions and new alterations were made 1856-1857, by D. A. Corbett, architect. The archives of the Company were destroyed in the Great Fire, but a very curious iron muniment chest is preserved in the hall, and is probably of Flemish manufacture. The Dyers were constituted a Guild in the 4th of Henry VI.6 (1426), and received their Charter of Incorporation 12 Edward IV. (1472). A distinctive privilege granted to the Company is that of having on the Thames a Game of Swans (Deductus Cygnorum), and a special Swan Mark (Cygninota). A similar privilege is possessed by the Vintners' Company. The total number of swans permitted by the Crown on the Thames, as settled in 1877, is about 510, of which 400 are Crown birds, 65 Dyers', and 45 Vintners',' but a much less number is now maintained. The mark of the Dyers' Company is 4 bars 1 nick," that of the Vintners' "letter V and 2 nicks" (corrupted in the well-known tavern sign into the "Swan with 2 necks"), the nicks being cut on the bills of the birds.

Dyot Street, ST. GILES'S, named after Richard Dyot, Esq., a parishioner of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.

1 Davies's Garrick, vol. i. p. 16.

2 Croker's Boswell, p. 30.

3 Hatton, 1708, p. 601.

4 Strype, B. ii, p. 207.

5 Maitland, p. 605.

6 Strype, B. ii. c. xi. p. 201.

7 Report of Swan Warden of the Dyers

"Curll's Corinna," Mrs. Eliza

Company (Mr. E. C. Robins), 1877.

8 For fuller particulars see "Some Account of the History and Antiquities of the Worshipful Company of Dyers, London," a paper read before the London and Middlesex Archæological Association, by E. C. Robins, F.S.A., Prime Warden, on February 9, 1880.

beth Thomas, lived with her mother in this street.1 A friend of Dryden's tracked her to her house "somewhere about St. Giles's," and she printed Dryden's letter in which this is stated with Pope's letters to Cromwell. Even then Dyot Street must have been somewhat disreputable, as she falsely prints the letter as addressed to herself at Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury.2 At the Black Horse and Turk's Head public-houses in this street, Haggerty and Holloway, in November 1802, planned the murder of Mr. Steele on Hounslow Heath, and here they returned after the murder. At the execution of the murderers, at the Old Bailey in 1807, twenty-eight people were crushed to death. The name was changed from Dyot Street to George Street in consequence of a filthy song which attained wide popularity, but the original name was restored in 1877.

In 1710 there was a certain "Mendicants' Convivial Club" held at the "Welch's Head" in this street. The origin of this club dated as far back as 1660, when its meetings were held at the Three Crowns in the Poultry.-Dr. Rimbault in Notes and Queries, 1st S., vol. i. p. 229.

On the east side of the upper part of Dyot Street are the Model Lodging Houses for forty-eight families, designed, 1849-1850, by Henry Roberts, architect, the first of this sort of structure for the benefit of artisans and others. The entrance is in Streatham Street.

1 Malone's Dryden, vol. ii. p. 97.

2 Scott's Dryden, vol. xviii. p. 166.

END OF VOL. I

Printed by R. & R. CLARK, Edinburgh.

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