A New Ecology: Systems PerspectiveSven Erik Jørgensen, Brian D. Fath, Simone Bastianoni, Joao C. Marques, Felix Muller, S. Nors Nielsen, Bernard D. Patten, Enzo Tiezzi, Robert E. Ulanowicz Elsevier, 30 Αυγ 2011 - 288 σελίδες A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health. * Demonstrates an ecosystem theory that can be applied to explain ecological observations and rules* Presents an ecosystem theory based upon a systems approach* Discusses an ecosystem theory that is based on a few basic properties that are characteristic for ecosystmes |
Περιεχόμενα
1 | |
7 | |
Chapter 3 Ecosystems have Ontic Openness | 35 |
Chapter 4 Ecosystems have Directionality | 59 |
Chapter 5 Ecosystems have Connectivity | 79 |
Chapter 6 Ecosystems have Complex Dynamics Growth and Development | 103 |
Chapter 7 Ecosystems have Complex Dynamics Disturbance and Decay | 143 |
Chapter 8 Ecosystem Principles have Broad Explanatory Power in Ecology | 167 |
Chapter 9 Ecosystem Principles have Applications | 199 |
Chapter 10 Conclusions and Final Remarks | 243 |
References | 251 |
273 | |
Άλλες εκδόσεις - Προβολή όλων
Συχνά εμφανιζόμενοι όροι και φράσεις
adaptation analysis ascendency autocatalytic behavior biodiversity biological biomass boundary calculated cell Chapter compartments complex components concept constraints cycling cypress detritus direction directionality dissipation disturbance diversity dynamics eco-exergy ecological succession ecosys ecosystem development ecosystem theory embodied energy energy flow entropy production environment eutrophic eutrophicated areas evolution evolutionary example exergy storage Figure finches free energy function genes genetic gradients graminoids hierarchy higher increase input interactions irreversible island Jørgensen K-strategists lagoon Lake Biwa Lake Mendota Lake Trasimeno Law of Thermodynamics living systems maximum maximum power principle measure natural niche number of species nutrients observed Odum ontic openness organisms orientor parameters pathways Patten physical phytoplankton population possible principle probability processes properties ratio result scale selection solar energy solar radiation spatial species richness specific eco-exergy specific exergy structure subsidized marsh systems ecology Table thermodynamic equilibrium throughflow tion trophic levels Ulanowicz utilize values variables zooplankton
Δημοφιλή αποσπάσματα
Σελίδα 1 - In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.
Σελίδα 1 - States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their...
Σελίδα 2 - Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, to maintain ecosystem services, should be a priority target of the ecosystem approach. 6 Ecosystems must be managed within the limits of their functioning. 7 The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales.
Σελίδα 1 - Recognizing potential gains from management, there is usually a need to understand and manage the ecosystem in an economic context. Any such ecosystem-management program should: a.
Σελίδα 2 - The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices. 1 2 The ecosystem approach should involve all relevant sectors of society and scientific disciplines.
Σελίδα 16 - We find by these calculations the exergy of the system compared with the same system at the same temperature and pressure but in the form of an inorganic soup without any life, biological structure, information or organic molecules. As...
Σελίδα 17 - C, is the concentration of the i'th component expressed in a suitable unit, eg for phytoplankton in a lake C, could be expressed as mg/1 or as mg/1 of a focal nutrient.