ART. 68. RULE FOR NOTATION. Write the dollars as in whole numbers; place a period on the right of dollars, next to this write the cents, then the mills. If the cents are less than ten, place a cipher next to the dollars; if there are no cents, put two ciphers in the place of cents. EXAMPLES TO BE WRITTEN. 1. Twelve dollars, seventeen cents, eight mills. $12.17 8 2. Six dollars, six cents, six mills. 3. Seven dollars, seven mills. 4. Forty dollars, fifty-three cents, four mills.. 5. Two dollars, three cents. 6. Twenty dollars, two cents, two mills. 7. One hundred dollars, ten cents. 8. Two hundred dollars, two cents. $ 6.06 6 $ 7.00 7 $40.53 4 2.03 $20.02 2 9. Four hundred dollars, one cent, eight mills. $400.01 8 REDUCTION OF U. S. MONEY. ART. 69. Reduction consists in changing the denominations or orders, without altering the value. 1st. Reduction Descending is changing numbers from a higher to a lower denomination; as, from dollars to cents. 2d. Reduction Ascending is changing numbers from a lower to a higher denomination; as, from cents to dollars. REVIEW.-66. In what denominations are accounts kept? What are eagles and dollars together called? What dimes and cents? How are dollars and cents separated? 67. What places do cents occupy? What place mills? What is the Rule for Numeration? 68. How write any sum of U. S. money, Rule? 69. In what does Reduction consist? What is Reduction descending? What ascending? ART. 70. As there are 10 mills in 1 cent, in any number of cents there are 10 times as many mills as cents. Therefore, to reduce cents to mills, multiply by 10; that is, annex one cipher. Hence, conversely, to reduce mills to cents, divide by 10; that is, cut off one figure on the right. As there are 100 cents in 1 dollar, in any number of dollars there are 100 times as many cents as dollars. Therefore, to reduce dollars to cents, multiply by 100; that is, annex two ciphers. Hence, conversely, to reduce cents to dollars, divide by 100; that is, cut off two figures on the right. As there are 1000 mills in a dollar, in any number of dollars there are 1000 times as many mills as dollars. Therefore, to reduce dollars to mills, multiply by 1000; that is, annex three ciphers. Hence, conversely, to reduce mills to dollars, divide by 1000; that is, cut off three figures on the right. ART. 71. As the operations of reduction consist in multiplying or dividing by 10, 100, or 1000, the work can be shortened by simply moving the point. ILLUSTRATIONS.-In Multiplying, move the point as many places to the right, as there are ciphers in the multiplier. Thus, $2.50 250 cents; $2.50 5=2505 mills. = In Dividing, move the point as many places to the left, as there are ciphers in the divisor. Thus, 275 cents = $2.75; 4285 mills $4.28 5 = 1. Reduce 17 cts. to mills. 2. Reduce 28 cts. to mills. Ans. 170 m. REVIEW.-70. How are cents reduced to mills? Why? Mills to cents? Dollars to cents? Why? Cents to dollars? Dollars to mills? Why? Mills to dollars? 71. In what do the operations of reduction consist? How can the work be shortened? Illustrate. 3. Reduce 43 cts. and 6 m. to mills. 4. Reduce 70 cts. and 6 m. to mills. 5. Reduce 106 m. to cents. 6. Reduce 490 mills to cents. 7. Reduce 9 dollars to cents. 8. Reduce 14 dollars to cents. 9. Reduce 104 dollars to cents. 10. Reduce $60 and 13 cts. to cents. 11. Reduce $40 and 5 cts. to cents. 12. Reduce 375 cts. to dollars. 13. Reduce 9004 cts. to dollars. 14. Reduce 4 dollars to mills. 15. Reduce $14 and 2 cts. to mills. 16. Reduce 2465 mills to dollars. 17. Reduce 3007 mills to dollars. 18. Reduce 3187 cents to dollars. Ans. 436 m. Ans. 706 m. Ans. 10 cts. 6 m. Ans. 49 cts. Ans. 10400 cts. Ans. 14020 m. Ans. $3.00 7 ADDITION OF U. S. MONEY. ART. 72. 1. Add together 4 dollars, 12 cents, 5 mills; 7 dollars, 6 cents, 2 mills; 20 dollars 43 cents; 10 dollars, 5 mills; and 16 dollars, 87 cents, 5 mills. RULE—1. Write the numbers to be added, units of the same denominations under each other; dollars under dollars, cents under cents, mills under mills, because only numbers of the same denomination can be added. OPERATION. $ cts. m. 4.12 5 7.06 2 20.43 0 10.00 5 2. Add as in Addition of Simple Num 16.87 5 bers, and place the separating point directly under the separating points above. $58.49 7 PROOF. The same as in Addition of Simple Numbers. REVIEW.-72. How write numbers in addition of U. S. money? Why? How is the addition performed? Why? Where place the point? 2. What is the sum of 17 dollars, 15 cents; 23 dollars, 43 cents; 7 dollars, 19 cents; 8 dollars, 37 cents; and 12 dollars, 31 cents? Ans. $68.45 3. Add 18 dollars, 4 cents, 1 mill; 16 dollars, 31 cents, 7 mills; 100 dollars, 50 cents, 3 mills; and 87 dollars, 33 cents, 8 mills. Ans. $222.19 9 4. William had the following bills for collection : $43.75; $29.18; $17.63; $268.95; and $718.07: how much was to be collected? Ans. $1077.58 5. Bought a gig for $200; a watch for $43.87 5; a suit of clothes for $56.93 7; hat for $8.50; and a whip for $2.31 3: what was the amount? Ans. $311.62 5 6. A person has due him, five hundred and four dollars, six cents, three mills; $420, 19 cents, 7 mills; one hundred and five dollars, fifty cents; $304 and 5 mills; $888, forty-five cents, five mills: how much is due to him? Ans. $2222.22 7. Add five dollars, seven cents; thirty dollars, twenty cents, three mills; one hundred dollars, five mills; sixty dollars, two cents; seven hundred dollars, one cent, one mill; $1000.10; forty dollars, four mills; and $64.58 7 Ans. $2000. SUBTRACTION OF U. S. MONEY. ART. 73. From one hundred dollars, five cents, three . mills, take $80, 20 cents, 7 mills. PROOF.-As in Subtraction of Simple Numbers. 5. From $3, take 3 cts. 6. From $10, take 1 mill. 7. From $50, take 50 cts., 5 mills. 8. From one thousand dollars, take cent, and one mill. Ans. $2.97 Ans. $9.99 9 Ans. $49.49 5 one dollar, one Ans. $998.98 9 9. B owes 1000 dollars, 43 cents, 5 mills; if he pay nine hundred dollars, sixty-eight cents, seven mills, how much will he still Owe ? Ans. $99.74 8 MULTIPLICATION OF U. S. MONEY. ART. 74. 1. What will 13 cows cost, at 17 dollars, 12 cents, 5 mills each? SOLUTION. Consider the cost, $17.12 5, as reduced to its lowest denomination, viz.: 17125 mills. Then, since 13 cows will cost 13 times as much as 1, multiply the cost of one, by 13, which gives for the cost of 13 cows, 222625 mills, the Ioduct being of the same denomination as the multiplicand, Art. 30. Finally, reduce the mills to dollars, Art. 70. Hence, the OPERATION. $17.125 13 51375 17125 $222.62 5 Rule.-Multiply as in Simple Numbers; the product will be the answer in the lowest denomination of the multiplicand, which may then be reduced to dollars by pointing. PROOF.-AS in Multiplication of Simple Numbers. 2. Multiply $7, 83 cts. by 8. $108.83 7 Ans. $368.28 8 Ans. $1862.42 3. Multiply $12, 9 cts., 3 m. by 9. Ans. Ans. $7751.24 REVIEW.-73. How are numbers written in subtraction? Why? How is the subtraction performed? Where is the separating point placed? 74. How is multiplication performed? How is the product pointed? |