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5. 14 lb. 11 oz. 19 pwt. 23 gr. to gr. Ans. 86399 gr.

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Ans. 50729 gr. Ans. 7 pwt. 3 gr. Ans. 1 oz. 1 pwt. 1gr.

9. 12530 gr. to pounds. Ans. 2 lb. 2 oz. 2 pwt. 2 gr. 10. 805 pwt. to pounds. Ans. 3 lb. 4 oz. 5 pwt.

11. 25591 gr. to pounds. Ans. 4 lb. 5 oz. 6 pwt. 7 gr.

ART. 83. APOTHECARIES WEIGHT

Is used by Apothecaries in compounding medicines.

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The grain, ounce, and pound, in Apothecaries and Troy weight, are the same: but the ounce is differently divided.

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Questions should be asked on the Table, as before.

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REVIEW.-83. For what is Apothecaries Weight used? Repeat the Table. What is said of the grain, ounce, and pound, of Apothecaries and Troy weight? What is differently divided?

ART. 84. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT

Is used in weighing heavy articles; as, groceries, coarse metals, and medicines at wholesale.

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NOTES.-1. The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is determined from the Troy pound, and contains 7000 grains Troy.

2. Formerly, 28 pounds were allowed for a quarter, 112 pounds for a hundred weight, 2240 pounds for a tun; these, called the long hundred and long tun, are chiefly used at the Custom House.

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10. 4803 lb. to cwt.
11. 22400 lb. to tuns.
12. 2048000 dr. to tuns.
13. 64546 dr. to cwt.

14. 97203 oz. to tuns.

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Ans. 2200 lb.

Ans. 6075 lb.

Ans. 444 lb.

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Ans. 10090 lb.

Ans. 4444 oz.
Ans. 55555 dr.

Ans. 666666 dr.
Ans. 48 cwt. 3 lb.

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Ans. 11 T. 4 cwt.

Ans. 4 T.

Ans. 2cwt. 2qr. 2lb. 2oz. 2 dr.
Ans. 3T. 3qr. 3 oz.

15. 544272 dr. to T. Ans. 1T. 1 cwt. 1qr. 1 lb. 1 oz.
16. In 52 parcels of sugar, each containing 18 lb., how
many hundred weight? Ans. 9 cwt. 1 qr. 11 lb.

REVIEW.-84. For what is Avoirdupois Weight used? Repeat the Table. NOTE 1. From what is the standard Avoirdupois pound determined? 2. What is the long hundred and long tun? Where used?

ART. 85. LONG OR LINEAR MEASURE: Used in measuring lengths, breadths, thickness, &c.

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1 yard,

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yd.

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1 furlong,

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5 yards or 16 feet.. 1 rod, perch, or pole, rd.

40 rods or 220 yards
8 furlongs or

1760 yd. 5280 ft.}

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fur.

ALSO, 60 geographic, or 69 statute miles, make 1 degree. 360 degrees make a great circle, or circumference of the earth. 3 miles make 1 league, used in measuring distances at sea. 4 inches make 1 hand, used in measuring the hight of horses. 6 feet make 1 fathom, used in measuring the depth of water. NOTE. The standard unit of length is the yard.

1. Reduce 2 yd. 2 ft. 7 in. to inches.

2. 7 yd. 11 in. to inches. 3. 12 mi. to rods.

4. 7 mi. 6 fur. to rods. 5. 9 mi. 31 rd. to rods.

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Ans.

103 in.

Ans. 263 in.

Ans. 3840 rd.

Ans. 2480 rd.

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ART. 86. LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE

Is used in measuring land, or any thing in which both length and breadth are considered.

ART. 87. A figure having four equal sides, and four right angles (corners), is a square. Hence, A square inch is a square, each side of which is a linear inch; that is, 1 inch in length.

1 inch.

one sqi are inch.

REVIEW.-85. For what is Long Measure used? Repeat the Table, NOTE. What is the standard unit of length?

3 feet.

A square foot is a square, each side of which is a linear foot. A square yard is a square, each side of which is a linear yard (3 feet).

one

sq. ft.

3 feet.

The figure shows that 1 square yard, that is, 3 feet square, contains 9 square feet.

The number of small squares in any large square, is equal to the number of units in one side of the large square multiplied by itself. Thus,

In a square figure, each side of which is 8 inches, there are 64 square inches in 1 foot square, or 12 inches on each side, there are 12X12=144 square in.

:

ART. 88. By 3 inches square, we mean a square figure, each side 3 inches: but, 3 square inches are 3 small squares, each an inch long, and an inch wide; and,

3 inches square contain 9 square inches.

The difference between 4 in. square, and 4 square in., is 12 square inches; between 6 miles 6quare, and 6 square miles, is 30 sq. miles.

TABLE.

3 in. square.

3 square in.

144 square inches make 1 square foot, marked sq. ft.

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NOTE.-Land is measured with a surveyor's or Gunter's chain; it is 4 rods or 66 feet in length, and is divided into 100 links.

REVIEW.-86. For what is Land or Square Measure used? 87. What is a square? What is a square inch? A square foot? A square yard? To what is the number of small squares in a large square equal?

1. Reduce 8 sq. yd. to square inches. Ans. 10368 sq. in.

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Ans. 640 P.
Ans. 102400 P.
Ans. 3024 sq. in.

Ans. 900 P.

Ans. 6 A.

Ans. 3 sq. yd.

Ans. 1 A. 2 R. 3P.
Ans. 3 A. 3R. 3 P.
Ans. 3 sq. yd. 2 sq. ft.

ART. 89. A Rectangle is a figure having four sides and four right angles. See the figure below.

The Area or Superficial content of a figure, is the number of times it contains its unit of measure.

The unit of measure for surfaces, is a square whose side is a linear unit, as a square inch, a square foot, &c.

1. How many square inches in a board 4 inches long and 3 inches wide?

SOL.-Dividing each of the longer sides into 4 equal parts, the shorter sides into 3 equal parts, and joining the opposite divisions by straight lines, the surface is divided into squares.

In each of the longer rows there are 4 squares, that is, as many as there are inches in the longer side; and there are as many such rows as there are inches in the shorter side. Hence,

The whole number of squares in the board is equal to the product obtained by multiplying together the numbers representing the length and breadth; that is, 4X3=12. Hence the

RULE FOR FINDING THE AREA OF A RECTANGLE.-Multiply the length by the breadth: the product will be the superficial contents.

REVIEW.-88. What is meant by 8 inches square? By 3 sq. inches? What is the difference between 4 inches square, and 4 square inches?

89. What is a Rectangle? What is the Area of a figure? What is the nit of measure for surfaces?

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