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9. Reduce 9 yd. 3 qr. to Ells Flemish. Ans. 13 E. Fl.

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ART. 95. WINE OR LIQUID MEASURE:

For measuring all liquids except beer, milk, and ale.

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The Standard Unit of Liquid Measure is a gallon of 231 cubic inches.

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REVIEW.-95. For what is Liquid Measure used? Repeat the Table. NOTE. What is the standard unit of Liquid Measure?

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13. Reduce 30339 gi. to T. Ans. 3 T. 3hhd. 3 gal. 3 gi. 14. 10125 gi. to T. Ans. 1T. 1hhd. 1 gal. 1qt. 1pt. 1gi.

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ART. 96. ALE OR BEER MEASURE

Is generally used in measuring ale, beer, and milk.

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NOTE. The beer gallon contains 282 cubic inches. In most places

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ART. 97. TIME MEASURE.

Time is a measured portion of duration. The parts into which time is divided are shown in this

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1 hour, 1 day,

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365 days 6 hours, (3654 da.) 1 solar year,

100 years

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1 century,

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See Notes on page 98.

REVIEW.-96. For what is Beer Measure used? Repeat the Table.

97. What is Time? Repeat the Table.

NOTE 1. The EXACT length of the SOLAR year is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 48 seconds: but, is usually considered to be 365 days, 6 hours. Hence,

One year being regarded as 365 days, 6 hours, the odd 6 hours of each year, make, in 4 years, 24 hours, an additional day. This gives 366 days to every fourth year, called LEAP YEAR: and,

All leap years may be exactly divided by 4; thus, 1848, 1852, 1856, are leap years; while 1847, 1850, 1855, are not so: and, The additional day in leap years is added to February, making this month 29 days, instead of 28, as in common years.

NOTE 2.-The difference between the SOLAR year and 365 days and 6 hours, is about three-fourths of a day in 100 years, or 3 days in 400 years. Hence,

For greater accuracy, it is agreed that of the centennial (hundredth) years, only those which are exactly divisible by 400 shall be leap years: thus, 1900 will be a common year, and 2000 a leap year.

Teachers and advanced students will find interesting and instructive historic information on this subject in "Ray's Higher Arithmetic.”

NOTE 3. The year, as used by civilized nations, is divided into 12 calendar months, and numbered in their order as follows:

January, 1st month, 31 days. July,

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7th month, 31 days.

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Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November:

All the rest have thirty-one, save February, which alone

Hath twenty-eight; and one day more we add to it, one year in four.

1. Reduce 2hr. to seconds.

2. 7 da. to minutes.

3.

4.

1 da. 3hr. 44 min. 3 sec. to sec.
9 wk. 6 da. 10 hr. 40 min. to min.

Ans. 7200 sec.

Ans. 10080 min.

Ans. 99843 sec.

Ans. 100000 min.

REVIEW.-97. NOTE 1. What is the exact length of the solar year? What are leap years? February has how many days in leap years? 2. Which of the centennial years are leap years? Why? 3. How is the rear divided? Give the number of days in each month.

5. Reduce 1 mon. 3 da. 4 min. to min. 6. Reduce 1 yr. 20 da. 19 hr. 15 min. allowing 365 days to a year.

Ans. 44644 min.

33 sec. to seconds, Ans. 33333333 sec.

7. How many seconds in an exact solar year? (See Note 1, page 98.)

Ans. 31556928 sec.

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ART. 98. CIRCULAR MEASURE

Is used in estimating latitude and longitude, and in measuring the motions of the heavenly bodies.

A circle is divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees; each degree into 60 parts, called minutes; each minute into 60 parts, called seconds.

60 seconds (")

60 minutes

30 degrees

12 signs or 360°

TABLE.
make 1 minute,

1. Reduce 5° 3′ to minutes.

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. . 1 circle,

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REVIEW.-98. For what is Circular Measure used? How is every

Circle divided? Repeat the Table.

817581 A

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ART. 100. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES.

1. What cost 2 bu. plums, at 5 cts. a pt.? 3 bu. 2 pk. peaches, at 50 cts. a pk.? 3pk. 3qt. barley, at 3 cts. a pt.?

2.

3.

Ans. $6.40

Ans. $7.

Ans. $1.62

4. At 15 cents a peck, how many bushels of apples can be bought for $3?

Ans. 5 bu.

5. If salt cost 2 cents a pint, how much can be bought with $1.66? Ans. 1 bu. 1 pk. 1 qt. 1 pt. 6. I put 91 bushels of wheat into bags of 3 bu. 2 pk. each how many bags were required?

Ans. 26.

Ans. $174.96

Reduce both quantities to pecks, and then divide. 7. What is the value of 1 lb. 3pwt. of gold ore, at 3 cents a grain? 8. How many spoons, each weighing 2oz. 5 pwt., can be made from 21b. 5 oz. 5 pwt. of silver?

9. How many rings, weighing 5 pwt. 7 gr. made from 1 lb. 8 oz. 18pwt. 1 gr. of gold?

10. If 1tb 43 of calomel be divided into grains each, and sold at 12 cts. 5 m. a dose, amount to?

Ans. 13.

each, can be *Ans. 79. doses of 15 what will it Ans. $50.

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