to have insisted on very large sums for his visits; we are not told what he demanded for the visits he made in the place of his residence, but it is affirmed, that he would not attend the sick in any other place, under one hundred and fifty florins a day; and when he was sent for by pope Honorius IV., he demanded four hundred ducats for each day's attendance. He was suspected of magic, and prosecuted by the inquisition on that account. "The common opinion of almost all authors,' says Naude," is, that he was the greatest magician of his age, that he had acquired the knowledge of the seven liberal arts, by means of the seven familiar spirits, which he kept enclosed in a crystal; and that he had the dexterity to make the money he had spent come back into his purse!" The same author adds, that he died before the process against him was finished, being then in the eightieth year of his age; and that, after his death, they ordered him to be burnt in effigy, in the public place of the city of Padua, designing thereby to strike a fear into others, of incurring the like punishment, and to suppress the three books which he had written; the first being the Heptameron, which is printed at the end of the first volume of Agrippa's work; the second, that which is called by Trithemius, Elucidarium, necromanticum Petri de Albano; and the last, that which is entitled by the same author, Liber experimentorum mirabilium de annullis secundum XXVIII. mansiones lunæ. His body being secretly taken up by his friends, escaped the vigilance of the inquisitors, who would have burned it. It was removed several times, and was, at last, placed in the church of St. Augustin, without an epitaph, or any mark of honour. The most remarkable book which Apono wrote, was that which procured him the surname of Conciliator; he wrote also a piece entitled, De Medicina Omnimoda. There is a story told of him, that having no well in his house, he caused his neighbours' well to be carried into the street by devils, when he heard they had forbidden his maid fetching water there. He had much better, says Mr. Bayle, have employed the devils to make a well in his own house, and have stopped up his neighbours'; or, at least, transported it into his house, rather than into the street. D'ASCOLI CECCO, whose proper name was Francesco De Gli Stabili, was born at Ascoli about 1257. He was distinguished, according to the age, in medicine, poetry, theology, and mathematics. His reputation caused him, it is said to be invited to Avignon by pope John XXII., in order to become his first physician; and though there is no proof that he had deserved this high degree of confidence by any medical publication, his character as a consummate astrologer will in such an age sufficiently account for such a trust. In 1322 he was made professor of astrology and philosophy at Bologna, in which office he remained three years, and there he published his "Commentaries on the Sphere of John de Sacrobosco." These were attacked by Dino del Garbo, a famous physician of the time, and an accusation before the inquisition of Bologna was founded on them, because he had taught that incantations and other wonderful things might be effected by means of demons inhabiting the first sphere. The sentence of the inquisition enjoined a penance upon Cecco, and deprived him of the right of ever again reading lectures on astrology. Disgusted with Bologna, he removed to Florence, whither he was invited as physician and astrologer to Charles duke of Calabria, son of king Robert, who then governed that city. Here he again fell under the notice of the inquisition, either on account of pretended prophecies, or of heretical opinions concerning the influence of the stars over the human character and conduct; and such was the power of his enemies, of whom the principal was Dino del Garbo, who was probably jealous of his authority at court, that he was capitally condemned, and brought to the stake at Florence in 1327. Dino, his enemy, died a few years after him, overwhelmed with regret, as is said, for the cruel event of which he had been the active promoter. Cecco was a man of loose morals, vain, and probably both fraudulent and superstitious. Besides the commentaries which gave rise to his condemnation, he wrote a poem in cesta rima, entitled "L'Acerba," which was a medley of physics, morals, theology, and judicial astrology, of little poetical merit; yet such was the temporary fame of the author, that it had gone through nineteen editions in 1546; but that was the last year of its publication. BERNARD GORDON, a French physician of Montpellier. He is said to have been living in 1318. He left a considerable number of treatises, which were published together at Ferrara in 1487, at Venice in 1494, at Paris in 1542, and at Lyons in 1550. JANUA ANCELUNIS, flourished in this period. Astruc supposes he was of the faculty of medicine at Montpellier; that he was in repute in his time, is proved by the notice taken of him by Lanfranc, and afterwards by Gui de Chauliac, who recommended his practice in certain cases, but there are no works now remaining bearing his name. ARNOLD DE VILLA NOVA, was a famous physician, who after studying at Paris and Montpellier, travelled through Italy and Spain. He was well acquainted with the languages, and particularly the Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. He was at great pains to gratify his ardent desire after knowledge; but this passion carried him rather too far in his researches, as he endeavoured to discover future events by astrology, imagining this science to be infallible; and upon this foundation he pub lished a prediction, that the world would come to an end in 1335 or 1345, or, according to others, in 1376. He practised physic at Paris for some time, but having advanced some new doctrines, he drew upon himself the resentment of the University; and his friends, fearing he might be arrested, persuaded him to retire from that city. Some authors also have affirmed, that the inquisitors of the faith assembled at Tarascon, by order of Clement V., condemned the chimerical notions of this learned physician. Upon his leaving France he retired to Sicily, where he was received by king Frederic of Avignon with the greatest marks of kindness and esteem. Some time afterwards, this prince sent him to France, to attend the same pope Clement in an illness, and Arnold was shipwrecked on the coast of Genoa in 1309, though some say in 1310, and others in 1313. The works of Arnold, with his life prefixed, were printed in one volume folio, at Lyons, 1520, and at Basil, 1585, with the notes of Nicholas Tolerus. PETER LA BROSSE, or DE BROCHE, was born at a town in Touraine, and educated in the practice of surgery, in which he acquired so much celebrity, as to be called to attend Philip III. of France; to whom, by his artful management, he made himself so useful, that he made him his chamberlain, and entrusted to him the government of the kingdom. Elated with this extraordinary success, he became insolent to the peers, none of whom could get access to the king but by him. Finding the queen was become his enemy, as well as most of the principal persons in the kingdom, with the view of ruining her with the king, he took the horrid resolution of poisoning prince Lewis, the eldest son of the king, by his former queen. This he effected in 1276, and then accused the queen of having committed the murder, in order to raise her son to the throne, but the villainy of the man was discovered by the means, it is said, of a nun; and he was executed to the great joy of the country. LANFRANC, a physician and surgeon of Milan. He left his native country, in consequence of some persecutions that he had suffered during the troubles of the times, and went to France, and in the year 1295, having already obtained considerable reputation, he was invited to Paris by many members of the faculty. His dexterity as an operator, his candour, and the energy with which he communicated his knowledge to others in his lectures, gained him the respect and esteem of his professional brethren; and he certainly contributed to the advancement of surgery, which was at that time at a very low ebb in France. His Chirurgia Magna et Parva, was printed at Venice in 1490; and again at Lyons in 1553, folio. JAMES DÓNDE, or DONDUS, an eminent physician of Padua, surnamed Aggregator, on account of the great quantity of remedies he invented. He was also an expert mathema tician. He constructed a clock which exhibited day and night, the day of the month, the festivals of the year, and the courses of the sun and moon. He also first discovered the secret of making salt from the water of the Albano. He died in 1350. He wrote, 1. Promptuarium Medicine, Venice. 2. De Fontibus calidis Patavina agri. 3. De fluxis et refluxis Maris. CLEMENT CLEMENTINUS, a learned physician of Amelia, near Spoleto in Italy. He was one of the restorers of medicine, and was well versed in the works of Hippocrates, and the rest of the fathers in that science. He taught philosophy and mathematics for some years at Padua, and appears to have imbibed the principles of astrology, with which his medical works are tinged. From Padua he was called to Rome where he was appointed physician to pope Leo X., whom he outlived only a short time. RICARDUS ANGLICUS, an early English medical writer, mentioned by Leland, flourished about 1230. He studied first at Oxford, and afterwards at Paris. Simphonius Champerius, in his treatise on medical writers, mentions him as one of the most eminent of his profession; and the best proof of his medical abilities is given in the list of his works which are numerous and important. Leland says he wrote works which are not now extant. JOHN GILES, D. D., and M. D., a native of St. Albans, was the first Englishman who entered among the Dominicans. He was a physician in ordinary to Philip IV. of France, and was professor of medicine in the universities at Paris and Montpellier. In his Latin tracts he is styled Johannes Ægidius. ALBRICUS, a native of London, known as a learned physician and philosopher. He studied at Oxford about 1217, and travelled for improvement. GILBERTUS ANGLICUS, an eminent English physician. He wrote a Compendium of Physic. 1 PERIOD XXIX. FROM JOHN V. TO JOHN VII. [CENT. XIV.] REMARKABLE FACTS, EVENTS, AND DISCOVERIES. A.D. 1302 The mariner's compass invented and improved, by Giovia, of Naples. The university of Avignon founded. 1304 Sir William Wallace betrayed by Monteith, and barbarously murdered by Edward I. 1307 William Tell, the illustrious Swiss patriot, delivered his country from the German yoke, and gives rise to the republic of Swit zerland. 1308 The popes remove to Avignon, in France, for seventy years. 1314 The battle of Bannockburn, between Edward II. and Robert Bruce, 1325 The first treaty of commerce between England and Venice. 1344 Edward III. first grants titles by patents. 1345 Edward III., with four pieces of cannon, gains the battle of Cressy. 1347 David II. king of Scots, taken prisoner at the battle of Durham. 1352 The Turks first enter Europe. 1356 The battle of Poictiers, in which John, king of France, and his son were taken prisoners by Edward the Black Prince. 1358 Arms of England and France quartered by Edward III. University of Cologne founded. Tamerlane began to reign in Persia. 1362 The pleadings in England changed from French to English. The order of Janissaries established among the Turks. 1365 The universities of Vienna and Geneva founded. 1369 John Wickliffe, an Englishman, opposes the errors of the church of Rome. 1370 The office of grand Vizir established. 1387 The office of lord high admiral of England instituted. 1388 The battle of Otterburn, between earl Percy and earl Douglas. Bombs invented at Venloo. IN 1335, the family of Ghenhiz Khan becoming extinct in Persia, a long civil war ensued, during which, Timur Bek, one of the petty princes, among whom the Tartar dominions were divided, found means to aggrandize himself in a manner similar to what Ghenhiz Khan had |