5760 240 = 12 = 1 Pound. By this weight are weighed Gold, Silver, and Jewels. 100 lb. 1 Hundred Weight, and 2000 lb. = 1 Ton. The penny is also nominally divided into 8 ths, or half farthings, 16 ths, or quarter farthings, and 32 nds, or half quarter farthings. 573440 448 = 28 = 1 Quarter. 4 = 1 Cwt. 1 Ton. 35840 = 2240 80 = 20 Note. 1 pound Avoirdupois is 7000 grains Troy 14 oz. 11 dwts. 16 grs. Troy; and 175 lb. Troy are equal to 144 lb. Avoirdupois. The oz. Avoirdupois is equal to 437 grains Troy, 192 oz. Avoirdupois. and 175 oz. Troy Note. This weight is the same in grains, ounces, and pounds, as Troy weight; it is used in prescriptions, and therefore in the compounding and mixing of medicines, but not in the buying or selling of Drugs or Chemicals. * Avoirdupois weight is the only weight that can be legally used in this kingdom, except for Jewels, and the precious Metals, and for the compounding, but not the selling, of Medicines. + In medicinal directions, 16 fluid ounces are reckoned equal to 1 pint Wine measure, and by weight the fluid ounce is estimated at 455 Troy grains. The Assay weights are only used to show the purity of Gold and Silver.-Standard Gold is 22 carats of fine Gold with 2 carats of alloy.*—Standard Silver is 222 dwts. or 11 oz. 2 dwts. of fine Silver, with 18 dwts. of alloy. An inch was formerly divided into 3 barleycorns, but is now usually divided into either halves, quarters, and eighths, or into tenths or twelfths. A degree of the Meridian in the latitude of London is nearly 69 miles, 1 furlong, 37 yards. N. B. For Land measure, the furlong is divided into 10 chains, each of 100 links; the chain measuring 66 feet or 792 inches. Also, in the measuring of depths, the fathom of 2 yards, or 6 feet, is sometimes used. The yard is 36 inches; the quarter, 9 inches; and the nail, 24 inches. Flemish and French ells of 3 and 6 qrs. of a yard are not now used. English ells are nominally used in measures of width, but, with very few exceptions, not in those of length. That is, inferior metal; as silver or copper is an alloy to Gold; copper is an alloy to Silver. N. B. These measures of the Tun, Hhd. Puncheon, and Pipe, are not used in trade. THE MERCHANTS' MEASURES FOR WINES ARE AS FOLLOWS: The tun of Fish oil is 252 gallons, but the tun of Seed oil is 236 gallons. N. B. The Imperial gallon, with its divisions, is the only legal liquid and dry measure; but the gallon of the late Wine measure is still used, particularly with some of the Seed oils.* An Imperial gallon of water weighs 10 lb. Avoird. and the cubic contents of a gallon are reckoned equal to 277,27 cubic inches. The late Wine gallon was 231 cubic inches, and the late Beer gallon, 282 cubic inches. 6 Wine Gallons nearly make 100 Beer Gallons 5 Imperial Gallons. 101 Imperial Gallons. The Imperial gallon of oil is reckoned by weight at 9 lb. Avoirdupois. The Wine gallon of oil is reckoned at 7 lb. Avoirdupois. The Imperial Bushel contains 80 lb. by weight of distilled water, and is computed at 2218 cubic inches. 192 ΤΟ For the late Coal measure, 3 bushels made 1 sack-3 sacks made 1 vat; and 12 sacks or 36 bushels made 1 chaldron, a score of coals being 21 chaldrons: but by the present regulations coals are sold by weight and not by measure. A sack of coals is com monly reckoned to weigh 2 cwt. For heaped measure, the Imperial bushel must be 191⁄2 inches in diameter, and the cone or heaped part above the measure must be, at least, 6 inches in height, making the whole contents nearly 2818cubic inches. The late bushel used for Dry measure, was called the Winchester bushel; its contents were nearly 2150 cubic inches, and therefore 32 Winchester Bushels nearly make 31 Imperial Bushels. SQUARE MEASURE. 144 Square Inches 100 Square Feet make 1 Square Foot. 1 Square of Flooring, &c. 1 Rod of Brickwork. Square measure is also Superficial measure, from its being used in the measurement of surfaces, without any regard to depth or thickness, although in a great many cases it has reference to the depth or thickness of 1 inch; as in the measurement of planks, and what are termed areas in Gauging; in Brickwork it refers to the thickness of a brick and a half. |