APPLICATION. Write down, in proper figures, the following numbers. Fifteen Two hundred and feventy-nine Three thousand four hundred and three Thirty feven thousand five hundred and fixty feven nire Kight hundred millions forty four thousand and fifty five Two thousand five hundred and forty three millions 15 279 3403 37567 401028 907 2200 55309009, 800044055 four hundred and thirty one thousand seven hun- 2543431702: dred and two Write down, in words at length, the following numbers. A lefs literal number, placed after a greater, always augments the value of the greater; if put before, it diminishes it. 9, &c. Thus, VI is 6; IV is 4 ; XI is 11; IX is ADDITION IS the putting together of two or more numbers, or fums, to make them one total, or whole fum. SIMPLE ADDITION Is the adding of feveral integers or whole numbers together, which are all of one kind, or fort; as, 7 pounds, 12 pounds, and 20 pounds, being added together, their aggregate, or fum total, is 39 pounds. RULE. Having placed units under units, tens under tens, &c.. draw a line underneath, and begin with the units: After adding up every figure in that column, confider how ma -ny tens are contained in their fum, and placing the excefs. under the units, carry fo many as you have tens, to the next column, of tens: Proceed in the fame manner through. every column or row, and fet down the whole amount of the laft row. PROOF. Begin at the top of the fum, and reckon the figures downwards, in the fame manner as they were added upwards, and, if it be right, this aggregate will be equal to the firft. Or, cut off the upper line of figures, and find the amount of the reft; then if the amount and upper line, when added, be equal to the fum total, the work is, fuppofed to be right. When you would add two numbers, look one of them in the left hand column, and the other atop, and in the common angle of meeting, or at the right hand of the first, and under the fecond, you will find the fum-as, 5 and 8 is 13. When you would fubtract; find the number to be fubtracted in the left hand column, run your eye along to the right hand till you find the number from which it is to be taken, and right over it, atop, you will find the difference--as 8 taken from 13 leaves 5. TEACHES to take a lefs number from a greater, to find a third, fhewing the inequality, excefs or difference between the given numbers; and it is both fimple and compound. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION Teaches to find the difference between any two numbers, which are of a like kind. RULE. Place the larger number uppermoft, and the lefs underneath, fo that units may ftand under units, tens under tens, &c. then drawing a line underneath, begin with the units, and fubtract the lower from the upper figure, and fet down the remainder; but if the lower figure be greater than the upper, borrow ten and fubtract the lower figure therefrom: To this difference add the upper figure, which being fet down, you must add one to the ten's place of the lower line, for that which you borrowed; and thus proceed through the whole. PROOF. In either fimple or compound Subtraction, add the remainder and the lefs line together, whose fum, if the work be right, will be equal to the greater line :-Or, fubtract the remainder from the greater line, and the dif ference will be equal to the lefs. MULTIPLICATION MAY be accounted the most serviceable rule in Arithmetick. It teaches how to increase the greater of two numbers given, as often as there are units in the less ; performs the work of many additions in the most compendious manner; brings numbers of great denominations into small, as pounds into fhillings, pence, or farthings, &c.; and, by knowing the value of one thing, we tind the value of many. It confits of three parts. J. The Multiplicand, or number given to be multiplied, and commonly the largest number 2. The Multiplier, or number to niultiply by, commonly the least number. 3. The Product is the refult of the work, or the answer to the queftion. SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION Is the multiplying of any two numbers together, without having regard to their fignification; as, 7 times 8 is 56, &c. B |