Third Situation

In this situation (c) the red light only will be visible to the pilot of each steamer. Both vessels are evidently passing to port, which is rulable in this situation, each pilot having previously signified his intention by one blast of the whistle.

Fourth and Fifth Situations

When steamers are approaching each other in an oblique direction, as indicated in the diagrams of the fourth and fifth situations (d), so that a continuation of their courses would involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other, and shall, if necessary to do so, slacken her speed, or stop and reverse, indicating her intention by either one or two blasts of the whistle, as the circumstances may require, and in accordance with Rule 1 of the Pilot Rules.

Sixth and Seventh Situations

A steamer approaching another crossing her bow at or nearly at right angles, as represented in diagrams of the sixth and seventh situations (e), shall, if approaching the crossing steamer so near as to involve risk of collision, port her helm, when seeing only the red light of the crossing steamer; and starboard her helm, if only the green light is in view; at the same time, slow, or stop and back, if necessary, each steamer to give the whistle signals as provided in Rule 1 of the Pilot Rules, the crossing steamer to keep course and speed.

NOTE. The whistle signals of the above situations must be given in all cases, except as qualified by Rule III Pilot Kules.

46. The manner of fixing the colored lights should be particularly attended to. They will require to be fitted each with a screen, of wood or canvas, on the inboard side and close to the light, in order to prevent both being seen at the same moment from any direction but that of right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam.

This is important, for without the screens any plan of bow lights would be ineffectual as a means of indicating the direction of steering. This will be readily understood by a reference to the preceding illustrations, where it will appear evident that in any situation in which two vessels may approach each other in the dark, the colored lights will instantly indicate to both the relative course of each; that is, each will know whether the other is approaching directly, or crossing the bows either to starboard or port.

This intimation, with the signals by whistle, as provided, is all that is required to enable vessels to pass each other inthe darkest night with almost equal safety as in day time.

AN ACT TO

REGULATE

NAVIGATION ON THE

GREAT LAKES AND THEIR CONNECTING

AND TRIBUTARY WATERS

47. The following rules for preventing collisions shall be followed in the navigation of all public and private vessels of the United States on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal:

STEAM AND SAIL VESSELS

RULE 1.- Every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam shall be considered a sail vessel; and every steam vessel which is under steam, whether under sail or not, shall be considered a steam vessel. The words steam vessel shall include any vessel propelled by machinery. A vessel is under way within the meaning of these rules when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

LIGHTS

RUBE 2.- The lights mentioned in the following rules and no others shall be carried in all weathers from sunset to sunrise. The word visible in these rules when applied to lights shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere.

Steam Vessel's Masthead Light

RULE 3.- Except in the cases hereinafter expressly provided for, a steam vessel when under way shall carry:

(a) On or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast, then in the fore part of the vessel, at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and if the beam of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull of not less than such beam, so, however, that such height need not exceed 40 feet, a bright white light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side, and of such character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles.

Side Lights

(b) On the starboard side, a green light, so constructed as to throw an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft

the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(c) On the port side, a red light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(d) The said green and red lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forwards from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

Additional Light for Steamers

(e) A steamer of over 150 feet register length shall also carry, when under way, an additional bright light similar in construction to that mentioned in subdivision (a), so fixed as to throw the light all around the horizon and of such character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles. Such additional light shall be placed in line with the keel at least 15 feet higher from the deck and more than 75 feet abaft the light mentioned in subdivision (a).

Steamers When Towing

RULE 4.-A steam vessel having a tow other than a raft shall, in addition to the forward bright light mentioned in subdivision (a) of Rule 8, carry in a vertical line not less than 6 feet above or below that light a second bright light of the same construction and character and fixed and carried in the same manner as the forward bright light mentioned in said subdivision (a) of Rule 3. Such steamer shall also carry a small bright light abaft the funnel or after mast for the tow to steer by, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam.

RULE 5.- A steam vessel having a raft in tow shall, instead of the forward lights mentioned in Rule 4, carry on or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast then in the fore part of the vessel, at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and if the beam of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull not less than such beam, so however, that such height need not exceed 40 feet, two bright lights in a horizonal line athwartships and not less than 8 feet apart, each so fixed as to throw the light all around the horizon and of such character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles. Such steamer shall also carry the small bright steering light aft, of the character and fixed as required in Rule 4.

Lights for Sailing Vessels and Vessels Being Towed

RULE 6.-A sailing vessel under way and any vessel being towed shall carry the side lights mentioned in Rule 3.

A vessel in tow shall also carry a small bright light aft, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam.