64. Fire Drills. - A boat drill and a fire drill should be held on board every well-governed passenger steamer at least once a week. The prearranged signal for this drill Ishould be given at the pleasure of the commander without previous warning. Upon hearing such signal every man of the crew should drop his work and proceed without delay to the station assigned him by the station bill.

THE OFFICIAL LOG

65. The official log, or log book, is a journal in which all the important data connected with the navigation of a vessel are recorded. It may be made very simple or very elaborate, according to requirements. As a rule, every important steamship line has its own prescribed form of log book. On the attached folder, Plate I, is shown a reproduction of a representative form of official log in use on the Great Lakes; it was furnished through the courtesy of Mr. W. C. Farrington, Vice-President of the Northern Steamship Company.

An inspection of the headings of the several columns of which it is composed will show the systematic manner in which all data relating to the safe navigation of a vessel are recorded for future reference; it shows, also, that lake navigation of today is not merely a "rule-of-thumb" procedure, but that the requirements of an officer on board a lake. steamer are, in certain particulars, as stringent as those of an officer of a transatlantic steamship.

66. According to directions printed on the lower margin of the log book proper, the log book must be kept in the pilot house and the records entered in their proper columns every hour, or oftener, by the officer in charge. It is further required that the relief officer should sign his name, personally, immediately on assuming charge of the deck. In addition to the vertical columns, blank spaces are left open for the recording of the time of arrival at and clearance from docks; for reports of the time consumed in loading and discharging cargo; for reports of shifted, damaged, or pilfered freight; for reports of the time and perfection attained in boat drills and fire drills, and for reports of the extent and cause of any damage inflicted on the ship itself or any person carried by the ship. A separate table is found on every other page where soundings, and the draft of the ship, when entering or leaving certain ports, are to be recorded.

DIRECTIONS FOR RESTORING THE APPARENTLY DROWNED

(As recommended by the United States Life-Saving Service)

67. Arouse the Patient. - Do not move the patient unless he is in danger of freezing; instantly expose the face to the air, toward the wind if there be any; wipe dry the mouth and nostrils; rip the clothing so as to expose the chest and waist; give two or three quick, smarting slaps on the chest with the open hand. If the patient does not revive, proceed immediately as follows:

68. To Expel Water From the Stomach and Chest. Separate the jaws and keep them apart by placing between the teeth a cork or small bit of wood; turn the patient on his face, a large bundle of tightly rolled clothing being placed beneath the stomach (see Fig. 19); press heavily on the back over the clothing for about half a minute, or as long as fluids flow freely from the mouth.

69. To Produce Breathing. -Clear the mouth and throat of mucus by introducing into the throat the corner of a handkerchief wrapped closely around the forefinger;

FIG. 19

turn the patient on his back, the roll of clothing being so placed as to raise the pit of the stomach above the level of the rest of the body (see Fig. 20).

Let an assist

ant with a handkerchief or piece of dry cloth draw the tip of the tongue out of one corner of the mouth (which prevents the tongue falling back and choking the entrance to