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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

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has treated the world, has been impossible for Lord Beaconsfield. In the phrase of the apostle he has "studied to be quiet and to do his own business."

Such a man needs no apologist. What is attempted in the following pages, is to trace the public career of the greatest statesman England has possessed since Mr. Pitt was carried to his grave. I have had access to no private or special information. Nothing appears here that may not be found in Hansard," or in contemporary newspapers and memoirs. The so called "lives" and "biographies" of the noble Earl have been carefully eschewed. Most of them are grossly inaccurate and disfigured by a narrow-minded and bigoted party spirit, which makes the task of reading them anything but agreeable.

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No living statesman has in fact suffered so much from misrepresentation, or has had attributed to him so frequently words which he never uttered, and sentiments which he never entertained; none has so much to gain by the promulgation of the exact truth. Even while these sheets are passing through the press I find one leading journal attributing to him the leadership of the opposition to the Bill for the removal of Jewish disabilities; and on the same day another newspaper, which would doubtless be very indignant if not also described as "leading," asserting that Lord John Russell and the Tory chief led their followers side by side in support of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill. Wherever it has been possible, therefore, Lord Beaconsfield's own words have been used, and where his longer and more important speeches have been summarised, no pains have been spared to produce an accurate epitome, still in the speaker's own phraseology as far as possible. Over the period of his life which ended with the death of Lord George Bentinck, I have passed somewhat lightly. I have, however, endeavoured to show how Lord Beaconsfield thought on all principal topics, and how he acted upon all critical occasions; and to afford the necessary materials for forming an accurate judgment of his career. The earlier portion of his life is tolerably familiar, and Lord Beaconsfield has himself told the story of the great Free Trade struggle in a work so perfect in its way, that

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it would be sheer presumption on my part to attempt to retell it. The literary side of his career, I have taken some pains to illustrate, and I hope that I have succeeded in bringing out some obscure but interesting facts.

How far my book falls short of that ideally perfect biography which the world may some day hope to see, no one is more painfully conscious than myself, but I put it forth in the hope that it may help to clear away some misapprehensions, and some few of the miserable misrepresentations which have resulted from them. Half a century of untiring devotion to the interests of the English people demands some recognition, and such recognition can hardly fail to be accorded when the truth is known. That truth I have endeavoured to tell-it is for the reader to say with what effect.

As regards myself, I need only say that this work has been with me a labour of love: that the illustrious subject of my book has been in no way consulted or concerned in its preparation, and that my personal relations with him have been confined to a formal presentation some six years ago. For the benefit of the critics, I may perhaps be allowed to add that whatever the faults of the book may be, they are not those which arise from haste. It was begun rather more than two years ago, and it has occupied every spare hour since that time.

I cannot allow these sheets to leave my hands without grateful mention of my deep obligations to the officials of the British Museum and especially to the accomplished superintendent of the Reading Room-Mr. Richard Garnett-a gentleman whose encyclopædic knowledge is only equalled by the generous courtesy with which he places it at the disposal of every applicant for information.

CONTENTS.

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Meeting of the New Parliament-An Irish debate-Mr. Disraeli's maiden speech

-Not a failure-Watches his opportunities-Session of 1839-Supports re-

moval of restrictions on theatres in Lent-Household Suffrage-Education-

Popular discontent-The "Condition of England "-The old and the new

Poor Law-Malthus-The Poor Law Commission-Cholesbury, the " fright-

ful example "-The Bill-Working of the New Poor Law-Workhouse plans

-Popular discontent-Wages lower rather than higher after the introduction

of the new system-Sufferings of the peasantry-The state of the Black

Country-Retirement of Lord Melbourne - The Bed-Chamber Plot - Un-

popularity of the Queen-Chartism-Attwood's speech in the House-

Popular dissatisfaction with the contempt of the House for the great

Chartist petition-Mr. Disraeli supports the petition and retorts on Lord John

Russell-The country 66 on the verge of civil war "-Riots at Birmingham

-At Hyde-At Newport-Trial of the rioters-Opening of Parliament-

Queen's speech-Lord Melbourne and Robert Owen-Mr. Disraeli speaks

on the Address-Peel winds up the debate-Lord Melbourne still in office

-Government defeats-Mr. Disraeli on the New Police Bill-Chartist

prisoners-Mr. Disraeli on the side of mercy-Chartist petitions-The Char-

tists oppose the repeal of the Corn Laws-Vote of want of confidence in the

Ministry-Mr. Disraeli's speech-Prorogation and dissolution-Mr. Disraeli

breaks with Maidstone-Mr. Austin's privileged libel-Declines to stand for

Wycombe-Elected for Shrewsbury
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Mr. Disraeli speaks on the Address (Nov. 1847)-Jewish disabilities-Speech of

Mr. Disraeli-Lord George Bentinck retires from the Protectionist leadership

-Mr. Disraeli succeeds him-Chartist disturbances-Irish disaffection-

Mitchel's case-State of the Continent-Sir Henry Bulwer expelled from

Madrid Mr. Disraeli on the subject-Speech on intrigues in Italy-Reviews

the conduct and policy of the Government-Attacks on Lord John Russell-

Death of Lord George Bentinck-The Queen's Speech-Mr. Disraeli on the

Address-Moves resolutions on the burdens on land-Hume's amendment-

Protectionist agitation—Mr. Disraeli returns to the charge-The aristocratic

principle Declares war against the Ministry-his Motion "not a flash in

the pan
"Advocates reciprocity as the principle of foreign commercial rela-

tions-Mr. Cobden recommends "a little agitation "-Mr. Disraeli at Castle

Hedingham-Mr. Cobden at Aylesbury-Protectionist meetings-Session of

1850-Speech from the throne-Mr. Disraeli on agricultural distress-Returns

to the subject-Criticises the budget-Agricultural interests-Papal aggres-

sion-The Durham letter-Mr. Disraeli's remarks upon it-Opening of Par-

liament Ecclesiastical Titles Bill-The Government saved by the Exhibition

-Agricultural distress-Government defeated on Mr. Locke King's county

franchise motion-Retires-Lord Derby sent for-Refusal to form an adminis-

tration unless he may appeal to the country-Negotiations with the Peelites

-Interregnum-Lord John returns to office-The amended Budget-Mr.

Disraeli on the Income and Property Tax-Has long abandoned the idea of

re-imposing a duty on corn-Beginning of the end-Address to Bucking-

hamshire farmers-Lord John Russell expels Palmerston from the Cabinet-

Interference of the Queen in the matter-Lord Granville sworn in-Lord

John explains-Mr. Disraeli's criticism on his speech-The New Reform

Bill-The Militia Bill-Palmerston's amendment-Defeat of the Government

-Lord Derby is sent for-Mr. Disraeli chosen Chancellor of the Exchequer

-Address on re-election-Lord Derby's Protectionism-"The Rupert of

Parliamentary Discussion".

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