CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

JULY 1643-MARCH 1643-4.

HISTORY:-FIRST EIGHT MONTHS OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY :

CIVIL WAR AND THE LONG PARLIAMENT CONTINUED.

BIOGRAPHY:-MILTON STILL IN ALDERSGATE STREET: HIS MARRIAGE

MISFORTUNE: HIS FIRST DIVORCE TREATISE.

CHAP.

I. The Westminster Assembly in Session-The Solemn League and

Covenant: Scottish Commissioners in the Assembly-Debates

on Church-Government: Apologetical Narration of the Inde-

pendents-Parliamentary Proceedings-Scottish Auxiliary

Army in England

II. Milton unhappy in his Marriage: His First Divorce Tract: Two

Editions of it.

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3

42

BOOK II.

MARCH 1644-MARCH 1645.

HISTORY:-THE YEAR OF MARSTON MOOR: CIVIL WAR, LONG PARLIA-

MENT, AND WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY CONTINUED-STRUGGLE OF INDE-

PENDENCY WITH PRESBYTERIANISM: TOLERATION CONTROVERSY ENG-

LISH SECTS AND SECTARIES PRESBYTERIAN SETTLEMENT VOTED

NEW MODEL OF THE ARMY.

BIOGRAPHY:-MILTON AMONG THE SECTARIES: HIS SECOND DIVORCE

PAMPHLET, TRACT ON EDUCATION, AREOPAGITICA, TETRACHORDON, AND

COLASTERION.

CHAP.

I. Inactivity of the Scottish Auxiliaries-Spread of Independency

and Multiplication of Sects-Visitation of the University of

Cambridge-Battle of Marston Moor-Fortnight's Vacation

of the Westminster Assembly (July 23-August 7, 1644).-

Principle of Toleration and State of the Toleration Contro-

versy: Synopsis of English Sects and Sectaries in 1644.-

Resumption of Assembly's Proceedings: Denunciation of

Picked Sectaries and Heretics - Cromwell's Interference

for Independency: Accommodation Order of Parliament-

Presbyterian Settlement voted-Essex beaten and the War

flagging Self-denying Ordinance and New Model of the

Army-Parliamentary Vengeances: Death of Laud.

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83

CRAP.

II.

Milton among the Sectaries, and in a "World of Disesteem":

Story of Mrs. Attaway-Samuel Hartlib, John Durie, and

John Amos Comenius: Schemes of a Reformed Education,

and Project of a London University-Milton's Tract on

Education, and Method with his Pupils-His Second Divorce

Tract, or Compilation from Bucer-Mr. Herbert Palmer's

Attack on Milton from the Pulpit-Milton and the Stationers'

Company: Their Accusation of him in a Petition to the

Commons-His Areopagitica, or Speech for the Liberty of

Unlicensed Printing-Anger of the Stationers, and their

Complaint against Milton to the Lords: Consequence of the

Complaint-The Divorce Question continued: Publication

of Mr. Herbert Palmer's Sermon, and farther Attacks on

Milton by Prynne, Dr. Featley, and an Anonymous

Pamphleteer—Tetrachordon and Colasterion: Their Replies

to the Assailants

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186

BOOK III.

APRIL 1645-AUGUST 1646.

HISTORY:-SIXTEEN MONTHS OF THE NEW MODEL, AND OF THE LONG

PARLIAMENT AND WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY CONTINUED.-BATTLE OF

NASEBY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: EPISODE OF MONTROSE IN SCOT-

LAND FLIGHt of the KING TO THE SCOTS AND CONCLUSION OF THE

CIVIL WAR.-PROGRESS OF THE TOLERATION CONTROVERSY AND OF

THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE PRESBYTERIANS AND THE INDEPEN-

DENTS.-LONDON AND LANCASHIRE PRESBYTERIANIZED.

BIOGRAPHY:-RETURN

OF MILTON'S WIFE: HIS REMOVAL FROM

ALDERSGATE STREET TO BARBICAN: FIRST EDITION OF HIS POEMS :

THREE MORE SONNETS: CONTINUED PRESBYTERIAN ATTACKS ON

MILTON HIS RETALIATION: TROUBLES OF THE POWELL FAMILY.

CHAP.

I. Composition of the New Model, and View of the Work lying

before it-First Actions of the New Model-Cromwell

retained in Command: Battle of Naseby: Other Successes

of the New Model-Poor Performance of the Scottish

Auxiliary Army-Episode of Montrose in Scotland-Fag-end

of the War in England, and Flight of the King to the Scots

-Fallen and Risen Stars.

II.

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325

Work in Parliament and the Westminster Assembly during the

Sixteen Months of the New Model-The two continued

Church Controversies-Independency and Sectarianism in

the New Model: Toleration Controversy continued: Crom-

well's part in it: Lilburne and other Pamphleteers: Sion

College and the Corporation of London: Success of the

Presbyterians in Parliament-Presbyterian Frame of Church

Government completed: Details of the Arrangement-The

Recruiting of the Commons: Eminent Recruiters-Effects

of the Recruiting: Alliance of Independency and Erastian-

ism: Check given to the Presbyterians: Westminster

Assembly rebuked and curbed-Negotiations round the

CHAP.

King at Newcastle-Threatened Rupture between the Scots

and the English: Argyle's Visit to London: The Nineteen

Propositions-Parliament and the Assembly reconciled:

Presbyterianizing of London and Lancashire: Death of

Alexander Henderson

III. Effects of Milton's Areopagitica-His Intention of another

Marriage: His Wife's Return and Reconciliation with him

-Removal from Aldersgate Street to Barbican-First Edition

of Milton's Collected Poems: Humphrey Moseley the Book-

seller-Two Divorce Sonnets and Sonnet to Henry Lawes-

Continued Presbyterian Attacks on Milton: His Anti-Pres-

byterian Sonnet of Reply-Surrender of Oxford: Condition

of the Powell Family-The Powells in London: More

Family Perplexities: Birth of Milton's first Child

BOOK IV.

AUGUST 1646-JANUARY 1648-9.

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382

431

HISTORY-THE LAST TWO YEARS AND A HALF OF THE REIGN OF

CHARLES I. :-

1. HIS CONTINUED CAPTIVITY WITH THE SCOTS AT NEWCASTLE,

AND FAILURE OF HIS NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE PRESBY-

TERIANS;

II. HIS CAPTIVITY

III.

BETWEEN

ARMY;

AT HOLMBY HOUSE, AND THE QUARREL

THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT AND THE ENGLISH

HIS CAPTIVITY WITH THE ENGLISH ARMY, AND THEIR PRO-

POSALS TO HIM;

IV. HIS CAPTIVITY IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT, AND THE SECOND

CIVIL WAR ;

V. HIS TRIAL AND DOOM.

BIOGRAPHY:-MILTON IN BARBICAN AND IN HIGH HOLBORN.-PRIVATE

AND PUBLIC ANXIETIES: ODE TO ROUS, TWO MORE SONNETS, AND

TRANSLATION OF NINE PSALMS: OTHER WORKS IN PROGRESS :

LETTERS TO AND FROM CARLO DATI.

СНАР.

I. Charles in his Captivity

First Stage of the Captivity: Still with the Scots at Newcastle :

Aug. 1646-Jan. 1646-7.- -Balancings of Charles between

the Presbyterians and the Independents-His Negotiations

in the Presbyterian direction: The Hamiltons his Agents

among the Scots-His Attempt to negotiate with the Inde-

pendents Will Murray in London-Interferences of the

Queen from France: Davenant's Mission to Newcastle-

The Nineteen Propositions unanswered: A Personal Treaty

offered--Difficulties between the Scots and the English

Parliament-Their Adjustment: Departure of the Scots

from England, and Cession of Charles to the English-

Westminster Assembly Business, and Progress of the Pres-

byterian Settlement

PAGR

491

496

CHAP.

Second Stage of the Captivity: At Holmby House: Feb. 1646-7

-June 1647.-The King's Manner of Life at Holmby-New

Omens in his favour from the Relations of Parliament to

its own Army-Proposals to disband the Army and recon-

struct part of it for service in Ireland-Summary of Irish

Affairs since 1641-Army's Anger at the Proposal to dis-

band it-View of the State of the Army: Medley of Reli-

gious Opinions in it: Passion for Toleration: Prevalence of

Democratic Tendencies: The Levellers-Determination of

the Presbyterians for the Policy of Disbandment, and Votes

in Parliament to that effect-Resistance of the Army:

Petitions and Remonstrances from the Officers and Men:

Regimental Agitators-Cromwell's Efforts at Accommoda-

tion: Fairfax's Order for a General Rendezvous-Cromwell's

Adhesion to the Army-The Rendezvous at Newmarket,

and Joyce's Abduction of the King from Holmby-West-

minster Assembly Business: First Provincial Synod of

London: Proceedings for the Purgation of Oxford

University

Third Stage of the Captivity: The King with the Army: June

-Nov. 1647. -Effects of Joyce's Abduction of the King-

Movements of the Army: their Denunciation of Eleven of

the Presbyterian Leaders: Parliamentary Alarms and Con-

cessions-Presbyterian Phrenzy of the London Populace:

Parliament mobbed, and Presbyterian Votes carried by Mob-

law: Flight of the two Speakers and their Adherents: Re-

storation of the Eleven-March of the Army upon London:

Military Occupation of the City: The Mob quelled, Parlia-

ment reinstated, and the Eleven expelled-Generous Treat-

ment of the King by the Army: His Conferences with

Fairfax, Cromwell, and Ireton-The Army's Heads of Pro-

posals, and Comparison of the same with the Nineteen Pro-

positions of the Parliament-The King at Hampton Court, still

demurring privately over the Heads of Proposals, but playing

them off publicly against the Nineteen Propositions: Army

at Putney-Cromwell's Motion for a Recast of the Nineteen

Propositions and Re-application to the King on that Basis:

Consequences of the Compromise-Intrigues at Hampton

Court Influence of the Scottish Commissioners there: King

immoveable-Impatience of the Army at Putney: Cromwell

under Suspicion: New Activity of the Agitatorships :

Growth of Levelling Doctrines among the Soldiers: Agree-

ment of the People-Cromwell breaks utterly with the King:

Meetings of the Army Officers at Putney: Proposed Con-

cordat between the Army and Parliament-The King's

Escape to the Isle of Wight.

Fourth Stage of the Captivity: In the Isle of Wight: Nov. 1647

-Nov. 1648.- -Carisbrooke Castle, and the King's Letters

thence-Parliament's New Method of the Four Bills-

Indignation of the Scots: their Complaints of Breach of

the Covenant-Army Rendezvous at Ware: Suppression of

a Mutiny of Levellers by Cromwell, and Establishment of

the Concordat with Parliament-Parliamentary Commis-

sioners in the Isle of Wight: Scottish Commissioners also

there the King's Rejection of the Four Bills-Firmness of

Parliament: their Resolutions of No Farther Addresses to

the King: Severance of the Scottish Alliance-The Engage-

ment, or Secret Treaty between Charles and the Scots in

:

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513

547

СНАР.

the Isle of Wight-Stricter guard of the King in Carisbrooke

Castle His Habits in his Imprisonment-First Rumours of

The Scottish Engagement: Royalist Programme of a SECOND

CIVIL WAR-Beginnings of THE SECOND CIVIL WAR:

Royalist Risings: Cromwell in Wales: Fairfax in the South-

east: Siege of Colchester-Revolt of the Fleet: Commotion

among the Royalist Exiles abroad: Holland's attempted

Rising in Surrey-Invasion of England by Hamilton's Scot-

tish Army: Arrival of the Prince of Wales off the South-

east Coast: Blockade of the Thames-Consternation of the

Londoners: Faintheartedness of Parliament: New Hopes

of the Presbyterians: their Ordinance against Heresies and

Blasphemies: their Leanings to the King: Independents in

a struggling minority: Charge of Treason against Cromwell

in his absence-The Three Days' Battle of Preston and utter

Defeat of the Scots by Cromwell: Surrender of Colchester

to Fairfax Return of the Prince of Wales to Holland :

Virtual End of THE SECOND CIVIL WAR-Parliamentary

Treaty with the King at Newport: Unsatisfactory Results

-Protests against the Treaty by the Independents-Disgust

of the Army with the Treaty: Revocation of their Concordat

with Parliament, and Resolution to seize the Political

Mastery Formation of a Republican Party-Petitions for

Justice on the King: The Grand Army Remonstrance-

Cromwell in Scotland: Restoration of the Argyle Govern-

ment there: Cromwell at Pontefract: His Letter to Ham-

mond-The King removed from the Isle of Wight to Hurst

Castle The Army again in possession of London.

II. Troubles in the Barbican Household: Christopher Milton's

Composition Suit: Mr. Powell's Composition Suit: Death

of Mr. Powell: His Will: Death of Milton's Father-Sonnet

XIV. and Ode to John Rous-Italian Reminiscences : Lost

Letters from Carlo Dati of Florence: Milton's Reply to the

last of them--Pedagogy in the Barbican: List of Milton's

known Pupils: Lady Ranelagh Educational Reform still a

Question: Hartlib again: The Invisible College: Young

Robert Boyle and William Petty-Removal from Barbican to

High Holborn-Meditations and Occupations in the House in

High Holborn: Milton's Sympathies with the Army Chiefs

and the Expectant Republicans-Still under the Ban of the

Presbyterians: Testimony of the London Ministers against

Heresies and Blasphemies: Milton in the Black List-

Another Letter from Carlo Dati : Translation of Nine Psalms

from the Hebrew-Milton through the Second Civil War:

His personal Interest in it, and Delight in the Army's

Triumph His Sonnet to Fairfax-Birth of Milton's Second

Child Another Letter from Carlo Dati

III. The Two Houses in the Grasp of the Army: Final Efforts for

the King: Pride's Purge and its Consequences-The King

brought from Hurst Castle to Windsor: Ordinance for his Trial

passed by the Commons alone: Constitution of the Court-

The Trial in Westminster Hall: Incidents of the Seven suc-

cessive Days: The Sentence-Last Three Days of Charles's

Life: His Execution and Burial

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