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and, removing thither, they and their successors have continued there ever since.

CLIFFORD'S INN.

This Inn is thus denominated from Robert de Clifford, to whom it was granted by Edward II. in 1309; and by whose widow it was left to Students of the Law in the 18th of Edward III. It is an Inn of Chancery, situated on the north side of St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street, and is an appendage to the Inner Temple. The Society is governed by twelve ancients and a principal, who are chiefly attorneys and officers of the Marshal's Court, who, with the rest of the members, are in commons a fortnight every term, otherwise to pay four shillings per week.

FURNIVAL'S INN.

This Inn owes its name to Sir William Furnival, who, in the year 1388, was proprietor of two messuages and thirteen shops, where now this Inn is situate, on the north side of Holborn, within the bars of the city, but without the liberty thereof; and is an Inn of Chancery, and appendage to Lincoln's Inn. This Society is governed by a principal and twelve ancients, who, with the other members, are to be in commons a fortnight every term, or pay five shillings a week if absent.

ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, &c.

Our readers need scarcely be informed, that the old cathedral of St. Paul's was burnt down in the great fire of London in 1666. During the time of the Commonwealth, the body of the church was converted into saw-pits and stables for soldiery, and to which Dryden alludes in the following lines:—

"The daring flames peep'd in, and saw from far
The awful beauties of the sacred quire;

But since it was profaned by civil war,

Heav'n thought it fit to have it purged by fire."

The first stone of the present magnificent edifice was laid on the 21st of June, 1675, by Sir Christopher Wren, who lived to see his son, then but a few months old, thirty-five years afterwards, deposit the highest stone of the lantern on the cupola. It is further remarkable, that the architect, the builder, and the dean, who saw its commencement, all lived to see it completed.* During the early progress of the work, an incident occurred which, even in a less superstitious age, might have been considered a favourable omen, without any charge of extraordinary credulity. Sir Christopher was marking out the dimensions of the great cupola,

*Sir Christopher Wren, Mr. Strong, and Dr. Henry Compton..

when he ordered one of the workmen to bring him a flat stone, to use as a station. A piece was brought: it was the fragment of a tombstone, on which but one word of the inscription was left that word was RESURGAM. Some authors suppose this circumstance to have been the origin of the emblem sculptured over the South Portico, by Cibber, namely, a phoenix rising out of its fiery nest, with this word as an inscription.

WHISPERING GALLERY.

You ascend by a spacious circular staircase to a gallery, which encircles the lower part of the interior of the dome, and is called the Whispering Gallery, from the circumstance, that the lowest whisper breathed against the wall in any part of this vast circle, may be accurately distinguished by an attentive ear on the opposite side.

COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF ST. KATHERINE'S.

The church that was thus denominated, but which is now pulled down, had the following origin. "The collegiate body to whom the church and precinct pertain, and who have not always been so insensible to the nobler principles they now abandon, owe their origin to Maud, queen of king Stephen-their present constitution to Eleanor, wife of Henry III., and their exemption from the general dissolution in the time of Henry VIII., to the attractions, it is said, of Anne Boleyn. The queen-consorts have from the first been patronesses, and on a vacancy of the crown matrimonial, the kings of England.”

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ST. MARY WOOLNOTH.

The church of St. Mary Woolnoth, at the west end of Lombard Street, was built by Richard Hawksmoor, the eccentric pupil of Sir Christopher Wren, in the year 1716. It derived its name from being at that time contiguous to the wool market.

SAINT NICOLAS COLE ABBEY.

This church, which is a rectory, situate on the south side of Old Fish Street, in the ward of Queenhithe, is thus denominated from its dedication to the above-named saint, and the additional epithet of Cole Abbey, by some from Golden Abbey, Cold Abbey, or Cold-bey, from its cold or bleak situation. It was destroyed in the great fire, and rebuilt by Wren. It was the first church built and finished after the fire.

SAINT MARY LE BOW.

A church in Cheapside, in Cordwainers' ward, and commonly called "Bow Church," so called from being built on arches, * A new college and church have since been built in the Regent's Park.

which were called Bows. This was the first church built of stone. The old church was destroyed in the great fire, and the present church, one of Sir Christopher Wren's great masterpieces, was erected immediately after.

ALL HALLOWS BARKING.

The patronage of this church was in the abbess and nuns of Barking, in Essex, till 1546, when Henry VIII. exchanged the same with Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, in whose successors it still continues.

ALL HALLOWS STAINING.

This church is of Saxon origin. Staining is a corruption of Stane, which our antiquaries are justly of opinion was conferred on it, on account of its being built with stones, to distinguish it from other churches of the same name in this city that were built with wood. The old church escaped the fire but fell down, all but the tower, in 1671. The tower still stands, and will repay examination.

SAINT ANDREW HUBBARD.

The first mention of this church is some time before the year 1389, when Walter Palmer was rector thereof. It received the epithet of Hubbard from one of its rebuilders or repairers. It was destroyed in the great fire, and not rebuilt. Weigh-house yard occupies the site.

SAINT ANDREW WARDROBE.

This church was originally denominated St. Andrew Juxta Baynard's castle,* from its vicinity to that palace; but the magnificent structure afterwards erected, called the Wardrobe, supplied the place of Baynard's castle; and the church has ever since been called St. Andrew Wardrobe. The old church was destroyed in the great fire, and rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren in 1692.

SAINT PETER AD VINCULA.

This church, or chapel, which is situate in the Tower of London, is thus denominated from its being dedicated to St. Peter in bonds, or chains; and which ad vincula signifies. In this church, or chapel, are interred the bodies of two queens, viz., Anna Bullen and Catherine Howard, consorts of Henry VIII., who were beheaded in the Tower; likewise are buried here divers other persons of quality.

SAINT PETER LE POOR.

This church, situate on the West side of Broad Street, derives its name from St. Peter, and the additional epithet of Le Poor,

* See Baynard's Castle.

from the mean condition of the parish in ancient times; if so, they may now justly change it to that of Rich, because of the great number of merchants and other persons of distinction inhabiting there.

SAINT SEPULCHRE.

This church receives its name from being dedicated to Christ's sepulchre, at Jerusalem. The body of the church was injured in the great fire of 1666, that stopped at Pie Corner, a very few yards north of the church. The bell of this church always tolls on the morning of executing criminals at Newgate.

SAINT ALPHAGE.

This church, says Maitland, which stands at the north-west corner of Aldermanbury, owes its name to its dedication to St. Alphage, or Elphage, a noble English Saxon, and archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered by the Pagan Danes at Greenwich, anno 1013.

SAINT NICOLAS OLAVES.

This church, which stands on the west side of Bread Street hill, derives its name from St. Nicolas and Olave, or Olaus, a king of Norway, who rebuilt it.

SAINT MARY MATFELLON.

This term, applied to the church in Whitechapel, is derived from the Hebrew or Syriac word, Matfel, which signifies a woman that has lately brought forth a son, therefore dedicated to Mary, delivered of a son. The register records the burial in the churchyard, June 21, 1649, of Richard Brandon, a ragman in Rosemary Lane, and against the entry is the following memorandum in a contemporary hand:-"This R. Brandon is supposed to have cut off the head of Charles I."

SAINT PANCRAS.

This church and parish derive their names from St. Pancras, a young Phrygian nobleman, who, for his strict adherence to the Christian faith, suffered martyrdom at Rome under the emperor Dioclesian. The church was in Soper Lane, destroyed in the great fire, and not rebuilt. The name is preserved in Pancras Lane, Queen Street, Cheapside, and in that of an extensive parish in the suburbs of London; and formerly called St. Pancras-in-theFields. The old church belonging to the latter parish was anciently called Kentish Church, and is supposed to have been the burying-place belonging to the first cathedral of St. Paul. Norden, who wrote in the reign of Elizabeth, in his Speculum Britanniæ, says, "The church of St. Pancras standeth all alone,

as utterly forsaken, old and weather-beaten, which, for the antiquity thereof, is thought not to yield to Paule's of London." (See Notes and Queries, vol. ii. p. 496.) The new church of St. Pancras, near Euston Square, built by the Messrs. Inwood, was consecrated April 7, 1822, and cost £76,679 7: 8.

ST. BENEDICT, VULGARLY CALLED BENNET FINK.

This church is thus denominated from its dedication to St. Benedict, an Italian saint, and founder of the order of Benedictine Monks; and the additional epithet of Fink, it received from its rebuilder, Robert Fink. This church was taken down in 1843, to make way for the New Royal Exchange.

ST. BENNET'S GRASS CHURCH.

This church, which is a rectory, stands at the south-west corner of Fenchurch Street, and near to the Old Grass* Market, from whence it derives its additional name.

ST. BENNET SHEREHOG.

This church originally went by the name of St. Osyth, from its being dedicated to a queen and martyr of that name. However, she appears to have been but a very impotent protectrix, in suffering herself to be divested of the tutelage of this church by Benedict Shorne, a fishmonger; a rebuilder, a repairer, or benefactor to the same; and Shorne, his surname, deviating into Shrog, was at last converted into Sherehog; and Benedict, as already mentioned, turned into Bennet. This church was destroyed in the great fire, and not rebuilt.

ST. MARTIN ORGAR.

This church, in Candlewick ward, derives its appellation from one Odgarus, who was a benefactor to it. It was also destroyed, but not rebuilt.

ST. MARY OVERIE.

This church in Southwark, by some called St. Saviour's, and by others St. Mary Overier, derives the latter name, which is a corruption from Over River, from the following circumstance:— A ferry was formerly kept where the bridge now stands. At length the ferryman and his wife died, and left the same ferry to their only daughter, a maiden named Mary, which, with the goods left by her parents, as also with the profits arising from the said ferry, she built a house of sisters, and afterwards, at her decease,

*See Gracechurch Street.

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