in this sense in Dr. Maginn's poem of Daniel O'Rourke, iv. 35. Dan in difficulties, and on the moon:

"Said he, ""Tis certain that I was not right

To get into this state of civilation." "

The word is italicised, and explained in a note: "A cant phrase in Cork for a state of intoxication. A worthy orator of ours, who had taken a glass or two too much, was haranguing at a debating society on the state of Ireland before the English invasion, and the whole harangue was this: 'Sir, the Irish had no civilation, civization, civilation I mean.' Finding, however, his efforts to get civilization out impracticable, he sat down with the satisfaction of having added a new word to our language. Every drunken man ever since is here said to be in a state of civilation.

COLDSTREAM GUARDS.

Coldstream, a town of Scotland, in Berwickshire. Here General Monk first raised the Coldstream Regiment of Guards, with which he marched into England to restore Charles II. It is seated on the Tweed, over which is a handsome bridge, thirteen miles south-west of Berwick.

COSSACK.

Cossacks are a people that live near Poland; other tribes of the Russian empire are also so denominated. This name was given them for their extraordinary nimbleness; for Cosa, or Kosa, in the Polish tongue signifies a goat. He that would know more of them, may read "La Laboreur," and "Thuldenus.”

COACH.

The word Coach is derived from the village of Kotzi, near Presburg, in Hungary, where those vehicles were first made.

CRITIC.

The word critic is of Greek derivation, and implies judgment. It is presumed from the labours of modern critics, that some who have not understood the original, and have seen the English translation of the primitive, have concluded that it meant judgment in the legal sense, in which it is frequently used as equivalent to condemnation. Many of these may well exclaim,

"Critiques I read on other men,
And Hypers upon them agen;
On twenty books I give opinion,

Yet what is strange-I ne'er look in one."

CAPUCHIN.

The monks of the order of Capuchin, took their title from wearing a cap tied under the chin-per crasin et elisionem, capu-chin.

CONSTELLATION.

The term constellation, as applied to the heavenly bodies, is derived from the Latin, con, together, and stella, a star.

CANDIDATE.

It was the custom, while the Roman republic subsisted in full vigour, for the candidates for high offices to appear on the day of election in long white robes; intimating by this, that their characters likewise ought to be pure and unsullied. Hence the origin of our word candidate from candidus, white, pure, sincere, upright, &c. In the Roman commonwealth, we are told, they were obliged to wear a white gown during the two years of their soliciting for a place. The garment, according to Plutarch, they wore without any other clothes, that the people might not suspect they concealed money for purchasing votes; and also, that they might more easily show to the people the scars of those wounds they had received in fighting for the commonwealth. It was also unlawful to put up for any public office, unless the candidate had attained a certain age.

CORPS.

This term, as applied to a regiment of soldiers, is derived from the French word corps-a body. To distinguish, however, between a live body of men, and the dead body of an individual, we add the final e when applied to the latter.

CYGNET.

The term cygnet, as applied to young swans, is derived from Cycnus, or Cygnus, the Son of Mars, slain by Hercules; also a king of the Ligurians, who, bewailing the death of Phaeton, was metamorphosed into a swan.

DELF, OR DELFT.

Pipes, tiles, bricks, and the common yellow earthenware, were originally principally manufactured at Delft, in Holland, and which circumstance gave a name to all common ware of that description.

DEODAND.

From Deo, God-dand, a forfeit. Dr. Johnson, or rather Cowley, from whence the quotation is made, gives the following definition of Deodand:-"A thing given or forfeited to God, for the pacifying of his wrath in case of any misfortune by which any Christian comes to a violent end, without the fault of any reasonable creature." Blackstone's account is different, and more rational: He refers it, and very properly, to the humane superstition of our ancestors; and the forfeited chattel was intended, as were also the garments of a stranger found dead, to purchase m asses for the soul of him who had been snatched from the world by sudden death. Deodands at present go to the king; some to the lord of the manor.

DRUID.

Various opinions have been held respecting the origin of the word Druid; some have imagined it to come from the Celtic Deru, an oak. Pliny supposes it to have been derived from the Greek Apus, which also signifies an oak; and were we to compare the deity of the Druids, worshipped in the oaken forests of Anglesea, with Jupiter, the great divinity of the Greeks, we might be led to conclude, that the Druids borrowed their religion as well as their names from the Greeks, did we not recollect that no Grecian colony ever came to Britain, and therefore that, to the former, the religion and language of the latter must have been unknown others derive the word Druid from the ancient British Tru-wis, or Trou-wys, which may be rendered wise men; whilst others suppose it to have its origin in the Saxon Dru, a soothsayer. Vossius is, however, of opinion, that it is derived from the Hebrew verb W, to seek out, or inquire diligently. Of all these various suppositions I am most inclined to adopt the last, and there can hardly be a doubt that this verb is the root of the Saxon word Dru; yet, as I may be mistaken in my ideas on this head, I shall be happy in having the error pointed out, and the true derivation given; for, however unnecessary the tracing of words to their origin may appear to some, yet I doubt not there are many who will agree, that it is both a profitable and pleasing employment, particularly when we find (as is mostly the case) that all words may, directly or indirectly, be proved to originate in that language which the Almighty made use of to declare his will to men.

ECHO.

The word Echo, according to Heathen Mythology, is derived from Echo, the daughter of Aer and Terra. Juno condemned

her to repeat nothing but the last word of those who asked her any question, because she had offended her.

FINIS.

The word Finis was first used at the termination of a book, in the year 1600; before that period it was marked with this character, called cornis, and which may be met with now in the libraries of antiquaries; nay, indeed, may occasionally be stumbled upon amid the heterogeneous collection of a book-stall.

GENTLEMAN.

Chamberlayne says, that in strictness, a gentleman is one whose ancestors have been freemen, and have owed obedience to none but their prince; on which footing, no man can be a gentleman but one who is born such. But among us, the term gentleman is applicable to all above yeomen; so that noblemen may properly be called gentlemen. In our statutes, gentilis homo was adjudged a good addition for a gentleman; 27 Edward III. The addition of knight is very ancient; but that of esquire, or gentleman, was rare before 1 Henry V. Sir Thomas Smith, who wrote in the time of Edward VI. on the dignity and title, says, "As for gentlemen, they be may be made good cheap in this kingdom; for whosoever studieth the laws of the realm, who studies in the Universities, who possesses the liberal sciences, and to be short, who can live idly and without manual labour, and will bear the port, charge, and countenance of a gentleman, he shall be called master, and shall be taken for a gentleman."

In Bird's Magazine of Honour, printed in the year 1642, is the following description of the term gentleman: "And whoever studieth in the Universities, who professeth the liberal sciences, and, to be short, who can live idly and without manual labour, and will bear the port, charge, and countenance of a gentleman, he shall be called master: for this is the title that men give to 'squires and other gentlemen. For true it is with us, as one said, tanti eris aliis quamti tibi fueris: and, if need be, a king of heralds shall for money give him arms newly made and invented, with the crest and all; the title whereof shall pretend to have been found by the said herald in perusing and viewing of old registers, where his ancestors in time past had been recorded to bear the same; or, if he will do it more truly, and of better faith, he will write that former merits of, and certain qualifications that he doth see in him, and for sundry noble acts which he hath performed, he, by the authority which he hath, asked of the heralds in his province; and of arms give unto him and his heirs these, and these heroical bearings in arms.”

GINS.

The species of snares or engines, called Gins, and which are used for ensnaring game, vermin, &c., derive their appellative from a corruption of the word Engine.

GIPSY.

This term, which is given to a race of itinerants, is derived from Egyptian; or, in other words, a race of people from Egypt. How long since they first emigrated from thence, the ablest writers have merely conjectured. It is generally believed, however, that they quitted Egypt when attacked by the Turks in 1513. Germany is the most famed for them: they have their own laws, rules, and regulations of society; and although generally considered and treated as vagabonds, yet, as a witty writer observes, "There is only this difference between them and us; their people rob our people, and our people rob one another."

GAZETTE.

The name Gazette is said to be derived from Gazetta, a small Venetian coin, being the price which was paid for one of the flying sheets of commercial and military information which were first published by that republic in 1563.

GEHO!

A learned friend of Mr. Brand's says, "The exclamation Geho, which carmen use to their horses, is probably of great antiquity. It is not peculiar to this country, as I have heard it used in France." In the story of the milkmaid who had kicked down her pail, and with it all her hopes of getting rich, as related in a very ancient collection of apologues, entitled "Dialogus Creaturanem," printed at Gouda in 1480, is the following passage: "Et cum sic gloriaretur, et cogitaret cum quanta gloria duceretur, ad illum virum super equum dicendo gio, gio, cepit pede percutere terram qua si pungeret equum calcaribus."

GRENADIER.

It was the province of the grenadier company of a regiment, in times past, to carry with them a kind of missile which was used at sieges, called a Grenade, which, when ignited, was thrown among or against the besieged; hence originated the term Grenadier.

GUINEA.

During the reign of Charles II., when Sir Robert Holmes, of the Isle of Wight, brought gold dust from the Coast of Guinea,