sufficiently small diameter, these surfaces are hemispherical. and if left to itself, it will be attracted in the direction of the Between two parallel plates they are semicylindric. Since the arrow heads. liquid columns in tubes rise in proportion to the smallness of their diameter, it follows that the meniscus which appears at the surface is proportionally increased in curvature, which furnishes us by its direction and force, or rather by the shortness of its radius, an expression for the force which acts at the extremity of the column; the concave meniscus indicating a force which acts from the interior to the exterior or a traction; and the convex meniscus, a force which acts from the exterior to the interior, or a compression. This view is verified by the following experiments. Take an inverted siphon, having two unequal branches both in length and in diameter, as shown in the following figures 1°, 2°, 3°, and such that the capillary action is very marked in the narrow branch, and almost nothing in the other branch, on account of its great diameter. Pour water into it at three different times, so as to make it assume the levels indicated by these figures." Attractions and Repulsions of Capillary Action.--The attractions and repulsions which we observe among bodies floating at the surface of liquids, and which arise from capillary action, bodies are wetted by a liquid, as, for example, two balls of cork are regulated by the following laws: 1st, When two floating in water, a powerful attraction takes place as soon as they are put so near each other that a plane surface of water no longer exists between them. 2nd, When two floating bodies are not wetted by a liquid, as, for example, two balls of wax in water, a strong attraction takes place as soon as they are put in the bodies are such that one is wetted by the liquid and the other same circumstances as the former. 3rd, When two floating not, as a ball of cork and a ball of wax in water, repulsion is observed to take place as soon as they are so near each other, that the two contrary curvatures of the liquid are found in contact. The phenomena just described, depending on the concave or convex curvature assumed by the surface of the liquid in which the bodies are placed, we shall inquire into the cause which determines the form of this curvature in our next lesson. Darauf (tar+auf, there-on); Davon Davor Dawider In fig. 1°, the level being very low in the branch A, it is elevated in the branch в to a height corresponding to the Darein capillary action at that point, and the meniscus is concave at B. In fig. 2o, on pouring an additional quantity of water into the branch A, up to the exact level of the extremity B, the two surfaces are then of the same height, and both become plane; in fig. 3°, on pouring an additional quantity of water still into the branch A, up to the level which measures the capillary action in the branch B at that point, the water rises in the form of a convex meniscus, and exerts a force of compression sufficient to prevent any flow; but if the level at a be increased in height above this point, the water will then begin to issue by the narrow branch B. Again, if in a conical tube, of which the following figures marked w and м, are sections through their axes, we introduce Fig. W. (tar+ein, there-in) ; (davon, there-from); (ta+vor, there-before); tween); Entzwei Herab on. Herausfahren, to drive or urge Herausfahren, to drive out. wards. Herein around. Herunter (herunter, hither-under); Herunterfahren, to drive down. Mercury. ward); Herzu '(her+zu, hither-to); (hinab, thither-down); Herzutreten, to step towards. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.-No. IV. At the request of numerous students of the POPULAR EDUCATOR, we insert the following papers; they will give valuable information, not only to those who aspire to the honour of becoming members of the University, but they will form a body of useful exercises also to those who have been our STUDENTS since the commencement of our Lessons in the various branches of learning in this work. MATRICULATION EXAMINATION.-1853. [N.B.-Candidates are prohibited, under pain of instant dismissal, from introducing any book or manuscript into the Examination-Room, and from communicating with each other during the Examination. Candidates are required to attend in person on one of the last three days of the week immediately preceding the Examination, to pay their Fees and write their names in the Register. If the Candidate fail to pass, the Fee will not be returned to him, but he will be admissible to any future Matriculation Examination without the payment of any additional Fee.] PASS EXAMINATION. JULY. 4. MONDAY. Afternoon, 2 to 4, French; 4 to 6, German, 5. TUESDAY. Morning, 10 to 1. Mathematics. Afternoon, 3 to 6, English History. 6. WEDNESDAY. Morning, 10 to 1, Greek Classic and History. Afternoon, 3 to 6, Chemistry. 7. THURSDAY. Morning, 10 to 1, Mathematics. Afternoon, 3 to 6, Natural Philosophy. 8. FRIDAY. Morning, 10 to 1, Roman Classic and History. Afternoon, 2 to 5, The English Language. Monday, July 4.-Afternoon, 2 to 4. FRENCH.-(Examiner, M. DELILLE.) Translate into English: L'homme appelé à commander aux autres sur les champs de bataille a d'abord, comme dans toutes les professions libérales, une instruction scientifique à acquérir. Il faut qu'il possède les sciences exactes, les arts graphiques, la théorie des fortifications. Ingénieur, artilleur, bon officier de troupes, il faut qu'il devienne en outre géographe, et non géographe vulgaire, qui sait sous quel rocher naissent le Rhin ou le Danube et dans quel bassin ils tombent, mais géographe profond, qui est plein de la carte, de son dessin, de ses lignes, de leur rapport, de leur valeur. Il faut qu'il ait ensuite des connaissances exactes sur la force, les intérêts et le caractère des peuples; qu'il sache leur histoire politique, et particulièrement leur histoire militaire: il faut surtout qu'il connaisse les hommes, car les hommes a la guerre ne sont pas des machines; au contraire, ils y deviennent plus sensibles, plus irritables qu'ailleurs, et l'art de les manier d'une main délicate et ferme fut toujours une partie importante de l'art des grands capitaines. A toutes ces connaissances supérieures, il faut enfin que l'homme de guerre ajoute les connaissances plus vulgaires, mais non moins nécessaires de l'administrateur. Il lui faut l'esprit d'ordre et de détail d'un commis; car ce n'est pas tout que de faire battre les hommes, il faut les nourrir, les vêtir, les armer, les guérir. Tout ce savoir si vaste, il faut le déployer à la fois et au milieu des circonstances les plus extraordinaires. A chaque mouvement il faut songer à la veille, au lendemain, à ses flancs, à ses derrières; mouvoir tout avec soi, munitions, vivres, hôpitaux; calculer à la fois sur l'atmosphère et sur le moral des hommes; et tous ces éléments si divers, si mobiles, qui changent, se compliquent sans cesse, les combiner au milieu du froid, du chaud, de la faim et des boulets. Tandis que vous pensez à tant de choses, le canon gronde, votre tête est menacée; mais ce qui est.pire, des milliers d'hommes vous regardent, cherchent dans vos traits l'espérance de leur salut; plus loin, derrière eux, est la patrie avec des lauriers ou des cyprès; et toutes ces images, il faut les chasser, il faut penser, penser vite; car une minute de plus, et la combinaison la plus belle a perdu son à-propos, et au lieu de la gloire, c'est la honte qui vous attend.-THIERS. La Chenille. Un jour, causant entre eux, différents animaux Un renard s'écria: "Messieurs, cela s'explique, Tuesday, July 5.-Morning, 10 to 1. ARITHMETIC AND ALGEBRA.—(Examiner, REV. Prof. HEAVISIDE.) quotient determine? Divide 243584 by 346, and explain the 1. In dividing one whole number by another, what does the steps of the operation. 2. Show that any number will be divisible by 12, if its two last digits be divisible by 4, and the sum of its digits be divisible 54180 into its prime factors. by 3 also. What are the prime factors of a number? resolve 3. Find the simple interest on £4572 15s. for 9 years at 4 per cent. Der englische Gesandte zu Hannover, Lord Clarendon, ein Verwandter der Stuarts, hatte sich so eben aus einer Abendgesellschaft des Kurfürften nach Hause begeben, als ein Vote des Geheimen Raths von England ihm den Befehl überbrachte, den Kurfürsten von dem Tove Anna's zu benachrichtigen 10. When are magnitudes in arithmetical progression, and und ihn als König anzuerkennen. Alsbald eilte Lord Clarendon nach Her. when in geometrical? Sum the series 4+11 +18+... to 9 terms. What is the arithmetic mean between 2a-3d and 2a+5d? Tuesday, July 5.- Afternoon, 3 to 6. ENGLISH HISTORY.-(Examiner, DR. WILLIAM SMITH.) 1. Give a brief account, with dates, of the Roman conquests in Britain. Name the Roman emperors who died in Britain. 2. In what part of England did the Danes chiefly settle? Give a list of the Danish kings of England. 3. Give a brief account of the Norman Conquest of England. State the leading characteristics of the Normans and Saxons at the time of the Conquest. 4. What is the date of the signing the Magna Charta? What are its chief provisions? renhausen zurück, begab sich, ohne auf der Diener Einwendungen zu achten, daß der Herr sich bereits zur Ruhe gelegt habe, in das Schlafgemach des Kurfürsten, knieete vor dessen Bette nieder und leistete ihm auf übliche Weise die Hultigung. Noch in der nämlichen Nacht berief der Kurfürst feinen Staatsrath und rüstete sich zur Abreise. Der Adel strömte nach Herrenhausen, um den Landesherrn noch ein Mal zu begrüßen. Am. 11. September verließ dieser mit dem Kurprinzen das Schloß und fuhr nicht ohne Rührung durch das Gedränge seiner Unterthanen, die sich um ihn versam, melt hatten. Mit möglichster Schnelligkeit legte er die Reise nach dem Haag zurück, woselbst er den ihn begrüßenden Generalstaaten die Versicherung ertheilte, das alte Bündniß Englands mit der Republik nach besten Kräften zu erhalten. Eine Flotte von 22 Kriegsschiffen unter Admiral Beeckley gen Ludwig ren Fuß auf den englichen Boden seßte, wurde er von dem Primas leitete ihn nach England; bei Greenwich erfolgte die Landung. Als Georg der Kirche, dem Erzbischofe von Canterbury bewillkommnet. Am 1. October hielt Georg I. seinen feierlichen Einzug in London, und empfing darauf in Westminster-Abtei die Krone. Als nach dieser Feierlich, feit, wie die Sitte es erheischt, ein geharnischter Ritter auftrat und jeden zum Kampfe aufforderte welcher den so eben gekrönten König nicht für den rechtmäßigen Gebieter von Großbritannien ansehe, wagte nur eine Dame den hingeworfenen Handschuh aufzunehmen und zu erklären, daß Jacob III. 5. "During the hundred and sixty years which preceded the union of the Roses, nine kings reigned in England. Sixtes Landes rechtmäßiger Herr sei. of these nine kings were deposed. Five lost their lives as well as their crowns.” (Macaulay.) Give a list of these nine kings, and mention briefly the circumstances which led to the deposition of the six. 6. In whose reign did Geoffrey Chaucer and John Wycliffe live? What services did they render to English literature? 7. Give a list of the monarchs of the Tudor family. Describe briefly the character of each. 8. How did James VI. of Scotland succeed to the English throne? Give a brief account of his character. 9. What is the date of the Petition of Right? Name its chief provisions. 10. Who were the parties to the Triple Alliance in the reign of Charles II.? What was the object of the alliance. 11. State the provisions of the Treaty of Dover in the reign of Charles II. 12. When was the Test Act passed ? What was its object ? 13. When was the Royal Society founded ? Name some of the most eminent men who belonged to it down to the reign of Anne. Ein reicher Jüngling zu Rom hattte krank gelegen an einem schweren Uebel; endlich genas er und ward gesund. Da ging er zum erstenmale | hinaus in den Garten, und war wie neugeboren und voll Freude und lobete Gott mit lauter Stimme. Und er wandte sein Antlig gen Himmel und Sprach: O du Allgenugsamer, könnte ein Mensch dir etwas vergelten, wie gern wollte ich alle meine Habe geben! Solches hörte Hermas, genannt der Hirte, und sprach zu dem reichen Singling : Son oben fommt bie gute Gale; babin sermagi bu nite ju senden. Komm, folge mir! Der Jüngling folgte dem frommen Greise und sie kamen in eine dunkle Hütte, daselbst war eitel Jammer und Glend. Denn der Vater lag krank und die Mutter weinete; die Kinder aber waren nackend und schrieen nach Brod. Da erschraf der Jüngling. Hermas aber sprach: Siehe hier einen Altar für dein Opfer Siehe hier des Herrn Brüder und Stellvertreter. Ta that der reiche Jüngling seine Hand über sie auf, und gab ihnen HAVEMANN'S Geschichte der Lande Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Wednesday, July 6.-Morning, 10 to 1. HOMER, ODYSSEY, Book X1.-(Examiner, Mr. BURCHAM.) Translate into English: (Α.)-Η δ' ἐς πείραθ ̓ ἵκανε βαθυῤῥόου Ωκεανοῖο. ἔνθα δὲ Κιμμερίων ἀνδρῶν δῆμός τε πόλις τε, τὸ τρίτον αὖθ ̓ ὕδατι· ἐπὶ δ ̓ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνον. οἵ ῥά τ ̓ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ ἀνδρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο *1. Give the first futures, perfects, and second aorists *2. Decline the following substantives :—ἀνήρ, ὄρνις, δάμαρ, θυγάτηρ, τριήρης, ἠχώ, τεῖχος, and the adjectives τάλας, βαρύς, τέρην, ἑκὼν, πᾶς. Ο θεος αει σε active and middle of the following verbs:—τρέφω, θάπτω, Ω παί, ακουε μου. Ὁ πατηρ μοι φιλτατος εστι, φράζω, βάλλω, λείπω, θνήσκω, φεύγω, πήγνυμι, ἵστημι. Give βλεπει. Ει με βλαπτεις, ουκ εχθρων διαφέρεις. Εγω σου the full and the contracted forms of the present and imperfect | ερρωμενέστερος ειμι. Ήδεως πειθομαι σοι, ω πατερ. Ημεις οἱ φοιτάω. ύμιν συγχαιρομεν. Η λυρα μας ευφραίνει. Ο θεός ἡμιν πολλα αγαθα παρέχει. Ο πατηρ ύμας στεργει. Ανδρειως μαχεσθε, ω στρατιωται· ύμων γαρ εστι την πολιν φυλαττειν· ει γαρ ύμεις φευγετε, πασα ἡ πόλις διαφθείρεται, εστιν, ω παιδες, τα γραμματα σπουδαίως μανθάνειν. Η μητηρ νω στεργει. Νων ην κακη νοσος. Σφω εχετε φίλον πιστοτατον. Σφην πατηρ χαρίζεται σφω γαρ σπουδαίως τα γραμματα μανθανετε. Ω δεσποτα, ακουε μου. 3. What sea is designated by Ὠκεανὸς in Extract (Α.) ? Explain the construction in ἀνδρῶν δῆμός τε πόλις τε-ἠέρι και νεφέλη κεκαλυμμένοι. Quote from Virgil and Ovid descriptions similar to those in the first extract. 4. Give the names of the extant Greek plays, and of their respective authors, relating to the subject mentioned in Extract B. What is the meaning of pny in the same extract? 5. Describe the geographical position of the peninsula known in ancient times by the name of the Thracian Chersonese, and mention the names of the principal towns therein. 6. By whom was the Chalcidic peninsula colonized? Mention the names of its chief towns, and the important events in Grecian History with which they are associated. THE PRONOUNS. PRONOUNS express the relation of an object to the speaker, inasmuch as they present either the speaker himself as the object (the first person), the person addressed (the second person), or the person spoken of (the third person); as I (first person), the teacher, give you (second person) the book (third person). Pronouns may be divided into five classes, namely, the personal, the demonstrative, the relative, the indefinite, and the interrogative. -N.A. νω, we two ού, of himself. Singular. συ, thou où, of him ol, to himself σφω, you two Dual. Ημων The personal pronouns in the nominative are employed only, then, when a certain emphasis falls on them, especially in contrasts. In order to show in what instances they should be used in the following Exercises, the words where they are required are printed in italics. EXERCISES.-ENGLISH-GREEK. We write, but you play. We two write, but you two play. I honour you, o ye gods! O boy, hear us! God always sees you. If thou injurest us, thou differest not from enemies. You rejoice with us. I willingly hear you, Ο parents. Father loves thee and me. Mother loves you both. It is my duty (it is of me) to watch the house, for I am the guardian of the house. It is thy duty, Ο boy, to learn earnestly. The lyre affords pleasure to thee and me. You two have (εστι, with dat.) a very faithful friend. δ. The reflective pronouns, εμαυτου, of myself; σεαυτου, of thyself; ἑαυτου, of himself G. εμαυτού, ης Singular. G. ἡμων αυτών αις 4. ήμας αυτους, μας αυτούς, ας ας c. The Reciprocal Pronouns. αυτούς, ας, α, or αυτους, ας, α, ΟΙ σφας αυτους, ας, σφεα αυτα. While the reflective pronouns throw the act back on the subject, the reciproca's denote the interchange of the act, or the influence between two persons or two sets of persons; and αλληλους, one another. G.D. νων, of (to) us two σφων, of (to) σφωιν, of (to) them thus αλληλων means of one another; αλληλοις, to one another; |