2. Then add together the several products and place to the right of the amount as many ciphers as there are to the right of both the factors.

Question.

Repeat the rule for performing operations in multiplication when there are ciphers to the right of one or both factors.

When the multiplier is exactly equal to the product of any two figures in the multiplication table, the operation may be performed by the following

Rule.

Multiply first by one of those figures, and that product by the other, the last product will be the answer.

Question.

Repeat the rule for performing the operation in multiplication when the multplier is the exact product of two numbers in the multiplication table.

Examples.

Practical Exercises.

61. A man has 5 bags of money, and each bag contains 25 dollars, how many dollars has he in all? Ans. 125. 62. Charles has 15 marbles, and John 4 times as many, how many has John?

Ans. 60. 63. A gentleman owns 7 houses, from each of which he receives yearly 250 dollars for rent, how much a year does he receive from the seven? Ans. 1750. 64. A labourer hired himself to a farmer for 4 years, at 150 dollars a year; how many dollars did the labourer receive for his four years, labour? Ans. 600.

65. A gentleman is desirous to purchase 25 shares of bank stock at 100 dollars per share, how much money must he pay for the 25 shares? Ans. 2500.

66. A mason having built a house found that he had used 18175 bricks in building it, supposing he is desirous to build 14 houses of the same size, how many bricks will be necessary? Ans. 254,450.

SUBTRACTION.

Subtraction is used to ascertain the difference between two given numbers.

The larger number is called the minuend, the less the subtrahend, and their difference remainder.

Rule.

1. Set down the larger number first, and under it, (with units under units, tens under tens, &c.) the less number.

2. Then begin at the right hand or units, place and take the lower figure from that which stands immediately above,

C

if the upper figure be more than the lower, and set down the remainder.

3. But if the upper figure be less than the lower, add ten to the upper figure, take the lower figure from the amount, set down the remainder, and carry one to the next lower figure.

Proof.

Add the less number and the remainder together, and the amount will be equal to the greater number.

Questions.

For what purpose is Subtraction used?

What names are used to distinguish the larger number, smaller number, and the difference between the two numbers? Repeat the rule for performing operations in subtraction? How is subtraction proved?

Subtraction table.

To make use of this table find the less number in the left hand perpendicular column, and opposite to it in the horizontal column the number from which you wish to take it, the figure immediately above in the top line will show their difference As 3 from 7 and 4 remains.

3246153

5330825

(6) 532147878 139876956

19. Henry has 25 marbles, and Charles 8, how many Ans. 17. more has Henry than Charles?

20. William bought 75 nuts, and Edward 42, how many has William more than Edward?

Ans. 33. 21. There are two piles of bricks, in the greater pile there are 7896 and in the less 4389, how many more are there in the greater pile than in the less? Ans. 3507.

22. A merchant bought 4875 bushels of wheat, out of which he sold 2976 bushels, how many bushels has be left? Ans. 1899.

23. I deposited in bank 1240 dollars; I drew out at one time 375 dollars, at another 567, at another 140, how many dollars still remain in bank? Ans. 158..

24. A farmer had 5487 acres of land, he sold to A. 325, to B. 750, and to C. 1000 acres, how many had he left? Ans. 3412.

25. A grocer bought 25 hogsheads of sugar, containing 250 hundred weight; and sold 9 hogsheads containing 75 hundred weight; how many hogsheads, and how many hundred weight had he left?

Ans. 16 hogsheads, 175 hundred weight.

DIVISION.

Division is a short method of performing a number of subtractions, when the numbers to be subtracted all express the same quantity.

There are four terms made use of to designate the different parts of the operation of dividing, viz.

The number to be divided is called the dividend.

The number by which it is divided is called the divisor. The number of times the divisor is contained in the dividend is called the quotient.

If there is any left after the operation is completed, it is called the remainder and is always of the same denomination with the answer.

When the divisor does not exceed twelve the operation is performed by short division.

SHORT DIVISION.

Rule.

1. Place the divisor to the left of the number you wish to divide.

2. Consider how many times the number by which you divide is contained in the first figure or figures of the number to be divided, and set down the result, noting whether there be any remainder.

3. If there be no remainder, consider how often the divisor is contained in the next figure, but if there be a remainder consider the next figure what it would be if the remainder