cents per ton, and is to pay him as follows, viz. in cash 650 dollars, 250 lb. of leather, at 20 cents per lb., and 10 loads of coal, each load containing 15 bushels at 45 cents per bushel. 85 gallons of brandy at the rate of 75 dollars per hogshead, and the rest in coffee at 30 cents per lb. how much coffee is W. to receive? Ans. 614lb. nearly.

LOSS AND GAIN.

Loss and Gain is made use of to find the loss or gain sustained by buying or selling any commodity.

When you buy any commodity at a certain price and sell the same at any other price more or less to ascertain, the gain or loss on the whole.

Rule.

1. Find the whole amount you paid for it.

2. Find the sum it sold for.

3. If the sum it sold for be more than you paid for it, subtract the sum you paid from the sum you sold it for, and the remainder will be the gain.

4. But if you sold for less than you gave, subtract the sum you sold for, from the sum you paid, and the remainder will be your loss.

When you wish to sell any commodity at a certain gain per cent. and are desirous to know what sum it must be sold for.

As 100 is to the prime cost

So is 100 with the gain per cent. added to the amount it must sell for.

When the amount at a certain rate gain per cent. is given to find the prime cost.

As 100 with the rate per cent. added

Is to the amount

So is 100

To the prime cost.

When any commodity is sold at a certain rate per cent. loss, to find the sum received.

As 100 is to the prime cost,

So is 100 less the per cent. lost
To the sum received.

When the sum received on selling any commodity at a certain rate per cent. loss, is given to find the prime

cost.

As 100 less the rate per cent. lost, is to the sum received, so is the sum received, to the prime cost.

Questions.

For what purpose is loss and gain used?

When you buy any commodity at a certain price and sell it again at any price more or less than you gave for it, what is first to be done?

What is next to be done after you find what you gave for it?

When you have found what you sold it for and it is more than you gave for it, what is to be done to find the gain?

When you have found the sum it sold for, and it is less than you paid for it, how do you ascertain the loss?

By what rule do you proceed when you wish to sell any thing at a certain gain per cent. and are desirous to know the amount it must be sold for?

When the amount at

certain gain per cent. is given to find the cost, by what rule do you work?

When any commodity is sold at a rate per cent. loss, by what rule do you find the sum received?

How do you proceed to find the prime cost when the sum received on selling at a rate per cent loss, is given to find the prime cost?

Examples.

A merchant bought 50 yards of linen at 50 cts. per yard and sold it at 564 cents per yard, what is gained in the whole?

at 8 cents per lb. sold what was the gain on

Ans. 35 dol. 26 cts. dols. per barrel and sold what did he gain on 363 Ans. 90 dols. 75 cents.

it at 5 dols. 25 cents per barrel, barrels ? 4. If a dry goods merchant purchase 150 yards of cloth at 3 dol. 75 cents per yard, and sell the same at 3 dollars 90 cents per yard, what would he gain on the whole? Ans. 22 dols. 50 cts.

5. If 18 Cwt. 2 qr. of hops be bought at 7 dollars and 50 cents per Cwt. and the same hops sold for 7 dollars and 75 cents per Cwt. what will be the gain on the whole? Ans 4 dols. 62 cts. 6. Purchased 210 reams of paper at 2 dols. 624 cts. per ream, and sold it for $2.871 per ream, what was, the gain on the whole? Ans. 52 dol. 50 cents. 7. If 1 Cwt. of tobacco cost 18 dols. 12 cents and be sold 20 dols. 75 cents, what is the gain per Cwt.? Ans. 2 dol. 62 cents. 8. Bought 150 bushels of corn at 50 cts. per bushel, and sold it at 45 cents per bushel, what was the loss on the whole, and loss per cent?

Ans. Loss on the whole, $7.50. 10 per cent. 8. A merchant bought 760 lb. of tea for 810 dols. and sold it at 90 cents per lb. whether did he gain er loose, and how much per cent.?

Ans. Lost $126. per cent. 151. 10. If a yard of muslin be bought for 37 cents, and sold again for 32 cents, what is the loss per cent.? Ans. 143 per cent.

11. When a merchant buys goods, and sell them at

an advance of 2d. per shilling, what does he gain per cent.? Ans. 163 per cent.

12. A man purchased 7 pieces of muslin at 13 dol. 75 cents per piece, but finding it somewhat damaged he paid 3 dols. 12 cents per piece for dyeing, how much must each piece be sold for to gain 12 per cent. on the whole ? Ans. $18.90

13. If 1 Cwt. of beef be bought for 7 dollars, what must it be sold for per lb. to gain 3 dols on the whole ? Ans. 8cts. 9m.

14. A man paid 23 cents per Ib. for 702 lb of coffee, and sold the same coffee at 19 cents per lb., what was his loss on the whole ? Ans. $28.08.

15. A man when he sold a yard of cloth for 2 dollars 23 cts. gained 10 per cent., if he had sold it for 2 dol. 75 cents, what would have been the gain per Ans. 12. cent. ?

16. When 100 boxes of prunes, cost 2 dol. 10 cts. each, and by selling them at 3 dol. 50 cts. per Cwt. the gain is 25 per cent, the weight of each box one with another is required? Ans. 14lb.

17. If A. purchase 16 pieces of cloth at 14 dols. per piece, and sell 5 pieces at 17 dol. per piece, and 6 at 15 dollars per piece, what must he sell the rest at per piece to gain 12 per cent. on the whole ?

Ans. $15.17 6m. 18. Bought a box of tea weighing 372 lb: for 410 dollars, and sold it for 500 dollars, what was the gain Ans. 24cts. 1m.+ on each pound? 19. When a broker in exchange receives 5 cents per dollar profit, how much is the gain per cent.?

Ans. $5.00.

21. Bought 5 hogsheads of molasses, containing 510 gallons, at 1 dol. 5 cents per gallon, and sold it at 1 dol. 30 cents per gallon on a credit of 3 months, but I would know the gain, allowing for the present worth of the debt at 6 per cent. per annum ? Ans. $125.611.

FELLOWSHIP.

Fellowship is a rule used to divide the gain or loss which may arise in partnership (when the stock of each partner is not equal) proportionally among them.

Case 1.

When the sums advanced by each of the partners and the gain or loss on the whole are given to find the share of gain or loss belonging to each of them.

Rule.

As the sum of the stocks of each of the partners added together,

Is to the sum advanced by each of them,

So is the whole gain or loss,

To the gain or loss of any of the partners.

Case 2.

When the stocks are considered with respect to time.

Rule.

1. Multiply each man's stock by its time, and add the products together.

2. Then as the sum of the whole stock multiplied by the time,

Is to the product of each individual share multiplied by its time,

So is the whole gain or loss?

To the gain or loss of each individual.

What is Fellowship?

Questions.

By what rule do you work when the sums advanced by each of the partners, and the gain or loss on the whole are given to find the share of gain or loss belonging to each of them?

When the stocks are considered with respect to time, what is first to be done?

After multiplying each man's stock by its time what is then to be done?