NOTE. In the expressions, square feet and feet square, there is this difference; viz., the former expresses an area in which there are as many square feet as the number named, and the latter an area in which there are as many square feet as the square of the number named. The former particularizes no form of area, the latter asserts a square form.

CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE.-U. S.

Cubic foot of salt water (sea) weighs 64.3 pounds.

NOTE.

=

= 1 quarter.

=

=

{{ quintal.

1 cwt.

1 ton.

DIAMOND.

1 grain = = 1 carat

=

0.8 troy gr.
3.2"

66

SPECIAL

TROY.

(Exclusively for gold and silver bullion, precious stones, and gold, silver and copper coins, and with reference to their monetary value only.)

= 1 pennyw't. 24 grains 20 dwts. (480 grs.)= 1 ounce. 12 oz. (5760 grs.) = 1 pound.

SPECIAL

APOTHECARIES'.

(Exclusively for compounding medicines, for recipes and prescriptions.)

20 grains
3 scruples
8 drams(480 g.)-
12 oz. (5760 g.)

1 lb. avoir. =
1 lb. troy

= 1 scruple, 9. dram, 3.

=

=

1 ounce,

3.

1 pound, b.

14 lbs. troy.

14

1 oz. avoir. =

1 oz. troy =

1 lbs. avoir.

175

The comparative value of diamonds of the same quality is as the square of their respective weights. A diamond of fair quality, weighing 1 carat in the rough state, is estimated worth about $9,50 9100; and it will require one of twice that weight to make one when worked down equal to 1 carat in weight. Hence, to determine the value of a wrought diamond of any given number of carats:- Rule. Double the weight in carats and multiply the square by 9.50. Thus, the value of a wrought diamond, weighing 2 carats, is 2+2=4X4=16 X 9.50-$152.

LIQUID MEASURE.-U. S.

The "Wine" or "Winchester" Gallon, of 231 cubic inches capacity, is the Government or Customs gallon of the United States for all liquids, and the legal gallon of each state in which no law exists fixing a state or statute gallon of its own. It contains 58372 grains of distilled water at 39°.83, the barometer being at 30 inches. 1 pint, 2 pints 1 quart.

The "Winchester Bushel," so called, of 215042, cubic inches capacity, is the Government bushel of the United States, and the legal bushel of each state having no special or statute bushel of its own. The standard Winchester bushel measure is a cylindrical vessel having an outside diameter of 19 inches, an inside diameter of 18 inches, and an inside depth of 8 inches. The standard "heaped" or "coal" bushel of England was this measure heaped to a true cone 6 inches high, the base being 19 inches, or equal to the outside diameter of the measure. Its ratio to the even bushel was, therefore, as 1.28, nearly, to 1. The present "Imperial" measure of England has the same outside diameter and the same depth as the Winchester, and an internal diameter of 18.8 inches, and the same height of cone is retained for forming the heaped bushel. Its ratio, therefore, to the even bushel is a trifle less than was that of the Winchester. In the United States the "heaped bushel" is usually estimated at 5 even pecks, or as 1.25 to 1 of the standard even bushel, which, if taken as

* By enactment of the Legislature of the State of New York, this gallon ceased to be the legal gallon of that State, April 11, 1852; and the United States Government gallon, of 231 cubic inches capacity, was adopted in its stead.

the rule, requires a cone on the Winchester measure of 5.4 inches to equal the heaped Winchester bushel.

NOTE. -The Imperial bushel, mentioned above, is the present legal bushel of Great Britain; and the Imperial gallon, mentioned on the preceding page, is the present legal gallon of Great Britain, for all liquids. The gallon for liquids is the same as the gallon for dry measure. Eight Imperial gallons make one bushel. The subdivisions of the gallon and the bushel, and their denominations, are the same as in the Winchester measures. In Great Britain, in addition to the denominations of dry measure used in the United States, the

* This bushel ceased to be the legal bushel of this State April 11, 1852, and the United

42

States Government bushel, of 2150 cubic inches capacity, was adopted as the legal bushel in its stead.

†This bushel is now, January, 1852, no longer the legal bushel of this State, and the standard Winchester bushel is adopted in its stead.

FOREIGN LINEAR AND SURFACE MEASURES REDUCED TO UNITED STATES.

lih,

=

1 covid,

DENMARK. 2 Rhineland feet=1 Danish ell,

mile,

1 cubit, 4

=

1.22

66

0.36 miles.

2.06 feet.

= 4.68 miles.

2 spans

= 1 sen,

100 sen= 1 yuta.

BOMBAY.-16 tussoos =

baggah,

3 jorbes 1 angulla, 3 angullas = 1 geriah, 8 ge-
riahs = 1 haut, 2 hauts

0.33 acre. 4.97 feet.

1.13 miles.