Tuesday is derived from Tuisco, the Saxon god of war. 103. The following are the names of the 12 calendar months, with the number of days in each: (Jan.) the first month, has 31 days. January, OBS. 1. The number of days in each month may be easily re membered from the following lines: 46 Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November; February twenty-eight alone, Except in Leap Year, then is the time, 2. The names of the calendar months were borrowed from the Romans, and most of them had a fanciful origin. Thus, January was named after Janus, a Roman deity, who was supposed to preside over the year, and the commencement of all undertakings. February was derived from februo, a Latin word which signifies to purify by sacrifice, and was so called because this month was devoted to the purification of the people. QUEST.-103. What is the origin of the names of the months! March was named after Mars, the Roman god of war; and was originally the first month of the Roman year. April, from the Latin aperio, to open, was so called from the opening of buds, blossoms, &c., at this season. May was named after the goddess Maia, the mother of Mercury, to whom the ancients used to offer sacrifices on the first day of this month. June was named after the goddess Juno, the wife of Jupiter. July was so called in honor of Julius Cæsar, who was born in this month. August was so called in honor of Augustus Cæsar, a Roman Emperor, who entered upon his first consulate in this month. September, from the Latin numeral septem, seven, was so called, because it was originally the seventh month of the Roman year. It is the ninth month in our year. October, from the Latin octo, eight, was so called because it was the eighth month of the Roman year. November, from the Latin novem, nine, was so called because it was the ninth month of the Roman year. December, from the Latin decem, ten, was so called because it was the tenth month of the Roman year. 104. The year is also divided into four seasons of three months each, viz: Spring, Summer, Autumn or Fall, and Winter. Spring comprises March, April, and May; Summer, June, July, and August; Autumn or Fall, September, October, and November; Winter, December, Jan. and Feb. CIRCULAR MEASURE. 105. Circular Measure is applied to the divisions of the circle, and is used in reckoning latitude and longitude, and the motion of the heavenly bodies. QUEST.-104. Name the seasons. 105. To what is Circular Measure applied? 106. The following denominations not included in the preceding Tables, are frequently used. OBS. Formerly 112 pounds were allowed for a quintal. QUEST. Obs. What is Circular Measure sometimes called? By whom is it chiefly used? Into what is the circumference of every circle divided? On what does the length of a degree depend? 106. How many units make a dozen? How many dozen a gross ? A great gross? How many units make acre? Pounds a firkin? PAPER AND BOOKS. 107. The terms, folio, quarto, octavo, &c., applied to books, denote the number of leaves into which a sheet A sheet folded in two leaves, is called a folio. A sheet folded in four leaves, is called a quarto, or 4to. 108. Previous to the adoption of Federal money in 1786, accounts in the United States were kept in pounds shillings, pence, and farthings. In New England currency, Virginia, Ken- In New York currency, North Carolina, In Georgia currency and South Carolina, } 6 shil. make $1. 8 shil. make $1. }7s. 6d. make $1. 4s. 8d. make $1. 5 shil. make $1. QUEST.-107. When a sheet of paper is folded in two leaves, what is it called? When in four leaves, what? When in eight? In twelve? In sixteen? In eighteen? In thirty-six? 108. Previous to the adoption of Federal Money, in what were accounts kept in the U.S.? How many shillings make a dollar in N. E. currency? In N. Y. currency? In Penn. currency? In Ceorgia currency? In Canada currency? OBS. At the time Federal money was adopted, the colonial currency or bills of credit issued by the colonies, had more or less depreciated in value: that is, a colonial pound was worth less than a pound Sterling; a colonial shilling, than a shilling Sterling, &c. This depreciation being greater in some colonies than in others gave rise to the different values of the State currencies. ALIQUOT PARTS OF $1 IN FEDERAL MONEY. 4 shillings = PARTS OF $1 IN NEW YORK CURRENCY. 1 shil. 4 pence = $! 2 shil. 8 pence 2 shillings = $3 = $+ OBS. 1. In New York currency, it will be seen, (Art. 108,) that OBS. 2. In New England currency, it will be seen, that QUEST.-What are the aliquot parts of $1 in Federal Money? In New York currency? In New England currency? What are the aliquot parts of a pound Sterling Of a shilling? |