(4) If by selling Cloth at 5s. per Ell, I gain 81. per Cent. what shall I gain per Cent. if I sell the Ell at 6s 3d? (Webster, 2d Ed. p. 32.)

(5) At 5s. per Dozen, I gain 7/ 10s. per Cent. how much shall I gain per Cent. if I sell the Dozen at 5s 9d? (Stonehouse, 2d Ed. p. 103.)

(6) A Manchester Tradesman going to a Fair, sold Fustians for 11s 6d. the End, wherein was gained 15. per Cent. but, seeing no other Tradesman had so good, raised them at the latter End of the Fair to 12s. the End. I demand what he gained per Cent. by this last Sale? (Hill, p. 289.)

(7) Suppose I sell 500 Deals at 15d. per Piece, and 9%. per Cent. Loss, what do I lose by the whole Quantity ? (Dilworth, 2d Ed. p. 73.)

(8) Suppose I sell 1 cwt. of Hops fór 61 5s. and gain 251. per Cent. what would have been the Gain per Cent. if I had sold them for 81. per Cent? (Walkingham, 3d Ed. p. 70.)

(9) If by selling Hops at 31 10s. per cwt. the Planter clears 30 per Cent. what was his gain per Cent. when the same Goods sold for 4/. and a Crown?

(10) Sold a repeating Watch for 50 Guineas, and by so doing lost 17 per Cent. whereas I ought in dealing to have cleared 20 per Cent. Then how much was it sold under the just Value?

QUESTIONS for Exercise at Leisure Hours.

(11) If by sending Pewter to Turkey, and parting with it at 35 d. per lb. the Merchant clears Cent. per Cent. what does he clear in Holland, where he disposes of the cwt. for 8/?

(12) Bought Hose in London, at 4s 3d. the Pair, and sold

them afterwards in Dublin at 6s. the Pair: now, taking the Charges at an Average to be 2d. the Pair, and considering that I must lose 12 per Cent. by remitting my Money home again, what do I gain per Cent. by this Article of Trade?

(13) If my Factor at Leghorn returns me 800 Barrels of Anchoives, each weighing 14lb. net, worth 124d, per lb. in lieu of 7490 lb. of Virginia Tobacco, and if I find that I have gained after the Rate of 17 lb. per Cent. by the said Consignment; pray how was my

L

said Tobacco invoiced per lb. to the Factor, that is, what was the Prime Cost?

(14) Bought Comfits to the Value of 41/ 3s 4d. for 3s ld. per lb. It happened that so many of them were damaged in Carriage, that by selling what remained good at 4s 6d. per lb. my Returns were no more than 341 2s Gd. Pray how much of these Goods were spoiled, and what did this Part stand me in?

(15) A Stationer sold Quills at 11s. per Thousand, by which he cleared of the Money; but they growing scarce, raised them to 13s 6d. per Thousand. What might he clear per Cent. by the latter Price?

(16) A. had 15 Pipes of Malaga Wine, which he parted with to B. at 4 per Cent. Profit, who sold them to C. for 38/ 11s. 6d. Advantage; C. made them over to D. for 500/ 16s 8d. and cleared thereby 6 per Cent. What did this Wine cost A. per Gallon?

(17) Laid out in a Lot of Muslin 480/ 12s. upon Examinaation of which two Parts in seven proved damaged: so that I could make but 5s 6d. a Yard of the same; and by so doing, find I lost 48/ 18s. by it. At what Rate per Ell am I to part with the undamaged Muslin, to make up my said Loss?

XXVI. ALLIGATION MEDIAL

IS when the Price and Quantity of several Commodities are given to be mixed, to find the mean Price of that Mixture.

RULE.

is to its total Value :: so is

As the whole Composition

any Part thereof to its mean Price.

PROOF.

Find the Value of the whole Mixture at the mean Rate; and if it agrees with the total Value of the several Quantities at their respective Prices, the Work is right.

EXAMPLES.

(1) A Wine Merchant mingles 14 Gallons of Mountain Wine at 8s. per Gallon, with 12 Gallons at 65 per Gallon, 10 Gallons of Sherry at 7s. per Gallon, 20 Gallons of White Wine at 4s. per Gallon, and 8 Gallons

of Canary at 9s. per Gallon. How may he sell this Mixture per Gallon ?

(2) With 13 Gallons of Canary, at 6s 8d. a Gallon, I mingle 20 Gallons of White Wine, at 5s. a Gallon; and to these add 10 Gallons of Cider, at 3s. a Gallon. At what Rate must I sell a Quart of this Mixture, so as to clear 10 per Cent?

XXVII. ALLIGATION ALTERNATE

IS when the Rates of several Commodities are given, to find such Quantities of them as, being mixed together, shall bear a Price propounded.

RULE.

1. The Rates (if not already) must all be reduced to one Denomination.

2. Set down the Rates or Prices, in a Column under one another, and the mixed or mean Rate on the left Hand of these.

3. Connect or link together the several Rates, so that every one less than the mean be linked with some one greater, or with as many as you please that are greater, and every great with one less, or with as many less as you please.

4. Take the Difference between each Price and the mean Rate, and set them alternately; and if only one Difference stand against any Rate, it will be the Quantity belonging to that said Rate; but if there are several, then their Sum will be the Quantity; which Quantities are the Answer for that Rate against which they stand.

EXAMPLES.

(3) To mix Gold of 18 Carats fine with that of 23 Carats fine, of 19, and of 16 Carats fine, so that the Composition may be 20 Carats fine; what Quantity of each must be taken?

(4) A Grocer would mix a Quantity of Sugar at 10d. per lb. with other Sugars at 74d. 5d. and 44d. per lb. interding to make up a Commodity worth 6d. per lb. In what Proportion is he to take of those Sugars ?

XXVIII.

ALLIGATION PARTIAL

IS when the Price of each Simple is given also the Quantity of one of them, and the mean Rate, to find the several Quantities of the rest in Proportion to that given.

RULE.

1. Take the Difference between each Price and the mean Rate as in the last Rule.

2. As the Difference of that Simple, whose Quantity is given is to the known Quantity: : so is any other Difference to the Quantity of its opposite Name.

EXAMPLES.

(5) How much Tea at 6s 6d. 7s 6d. and 9s. per lb. must be taken to be mixed with 36 lb. at 12s. per lb. that the Mixture may be worth 8s. per lb?

(6) A Tobacconist has by him 120 lb. of find Oronoko Tobacco, worth 2s 6d. a Pound; to this he would mix York River ditto at 20d. and other inferior Tobaccos at 18d. and 15d. a Pound, as will make up a Mixture anwserable to 2s. a Pound. What will this Parcel weigh?

IS when the Price of each Simple is given, as also the mean Rate, and what Quantity of the Compound, to find how much of each Sort will make that Quantity.

RULE.

1. Take the Difference between each Price and the mean Rate, as before.

2. Say, As the Sum of these Differences is to the whole Quantity of the Mixture :: so is each particular Difference: to

is particular Quantity.

EXAMPLES.

(7) How much Gold of 16, of 18, and 23 Carats fine, must be mixed together, to form a Composition of 60 oz.

of 20 Carats fine?

(8) A Druggist has by him 4 Sorts of Green Tea, viz. of 5s 6s 85. and 9s. per Ib; out of these he is inclined to mix up a Canister, containing net, a Hundred and a Half, so as to make the Commodity worth_7s. the Pound. In what Proportion must those Teas be taken ?

XXX. EXCHANGE

IS the receiving in one Country for the Value paid in another. The Par of Exchange is always fixed and certain, it being at the intrinsic Value of any foreign Money compared with Sterling but the Course of Exchange between any two Countries rises and falls upon various Occasions.

But as it would be both needless and endless to write of every Kind of Exchange, so I shall only give a few Examples of the Exchange of England with some of the chief Countries of Europe.

Exchange is either performed by Sect. XII. or XV. and sometimes most expeditious by the latter.

Ist. With FRANCE.

They keep their Accounts at Paris, Lyons, and Rouen, in Livres, Sols, and Deniers, and exchange by the Crown of three Livres Tournois, or 60 Sols French, and give Pence Sterling, more or less, for this Exchange Crown, which is equal to 4s 6d. at Par.

:

As 1 Crown is to the given Rate :: so is the given French Sum to the Sterling required; or by the Rules given in Practice.