The Russian Rubles are converted into Florins, Current Money of Amsterdam, and the Current into Bank Money, according to the Agio of three or five per Cent. and Bank Money into Sterling, according to the Course of Exchange between England and Amsterdam.

EXAMPLE.

(23) In 6420 Rubles, 42 Copecs, Exchange 122 Copecs per Rix-Dollar Current, Agio 3 per Cent. and 34s 6d Flemish, per Sterling, how much Sterling Money?

10th. With IRELAND.

In Ireland they keep their Accounts in . s. and d. Irish, divided as in England; but having no Coins of their own, they are supplied by the different Countries with which they traffic.

The Par of Exchange between England and Ireland is 100/ Sterling for 1087 65 84 Irish, or Is English

13d. The Course of Exchange is from 5 to 12 per Cent. according to the Balance of Trade.

-EXAMPLES.

(24) Dublin draws upon London for 740/ 14s 6d Irish, Exchange at 12 per Cent. How much Sterling must London pay Dublin to discharge this Bill?

(25) London remits to Ireland 651/ 14s 113d Sterling. How much Irish must London be credited, Exchange at 12 per Cent. ?

11th. With MERICA and the WEST INDIES.

In Exchange with our Colonies in America and the West Indies, Accounts are kept, and the Money divided, as in England: their Money is called Currency.

The Scarcity of Cash obliged them to substitute a PaperCurrency for carrying on their Trade; which, being subject to Casualties, suffers a very great Discount for Sterling, in the Purchase of Bills of Exchange.

EXAMPLES.

(26) Philadelphia is indebted to London 1474/ 16s Currency. What Sterling may London reckon to be remitted, when the Exchange is 64 per Cent.?

(27) London receives a Bill of Exchange from Philadel phia for 943/ 17s 54d Sterling. For how much Currency was London indebted, Exchange being at 64 per Cent. ?

(28) London consigns to Jamaica Goods, per Invoice, amounting to 640/ 16s 9d, which are sold for 987/ 12 Currency. What Sterling ought the Factor to remit, deducting 5 per Cent. for Commission and Charges, and what does London gain per Cent. upon the Adventure, supposing the Exchange at 30 per Cent. ? (29) Jamaica is indebted to London 1470/ 12s 8d Sterling. With how much Currency will London be credited at Jamaica, when the Exchange is 136 per Cent. ?

A few EXAMPLES for Exercise.

(30) Amsterdam changes on London at 34s 4d per £ Ster ling, and on Lisbon at 52d Flemish, for 400 Reas. How then ought the Exchange to go between London and Lisbon?

(31) A at Paris draws on B of London 1200 Crowns, at 55d Sterling per Crown; for the Value whereof, B draws again on A 56d Sterling per Crown, besides Commission per Cent. Did A get or lose by this Transaction, and what? (32) V of Amsterdam draws on X of Hamburgh, at 67d Flem. per Dollar, of 32 Sols Lubeck; and on Y of Nuremberg, at 70d Flemish per Florin, of 65 Cruitzers Current. If V has Orders to draw on X in order to remit to Y at the said Prices, how would run the Exchange between Hamburg and Nuremberg?

(33) M of Amsterdam orders N of London to remit O of Paris at 54d Sterling per Crown, and to draw on P of Antwerp for the Value, at 33 Flem. per £ Sterling; but as soon as N received the Commission, the Exchange was on Paris at 544d per Crown. Pray at what Rate of Exchange ought N to draw on P to execute his Orders, and be no Loser?

(34) London changes with Amsterdam on Par at 33s 4d Flem. per Amsterdam changes on Middleburg, at 2 per Cent. How stands the Exchange between London and Middleburg?

(35) Q of Rotterdam remits to R of Paris 2000 Crowns, at 91d Flem. per Crown, and double Usance, or two Months, and pays per Cent, Brokerage, with Orders to remit him again the Value at 93d per Crown, allowing at the same Time per Cent. for Provision. What is gained per Cent. per Annum, by a Remittance thus managed?

(36) A of Amsterdam owes B of Paris 2000 Florins of Current Specie, which he is to remit him, by Order, the Exchange at 904d Flemish per Crown, of 60 Sols Tournois, the Agio of the Bank being four per Cent. better than Specie; but when it was to be negotiated, the Exchange was down at 894d per Crown, and the Agio raised to 5 per Cent. What did B get by this Turn of Affairs?

XXXI. COMPARISON of WEIGHTS and MEASURES

IS when the Weights or Measures of different Countries are compared together, and is a very necessary Rule (of great Importance to the Merchant) to be acquainted with.

Case 1. When it is required to find how many of the first Sort of Weight or Measure mentioned in the Question) are equal to a given Quantity of the last.

RULE.

1. Place the Numbers alternately, beginning at the Left Hand, and let the last Number stand on the Left Hand.

2. Multiply the first Rank continually together for a Dividend, and the second for a Divisor.

M

EXAMPLES.

(1) If 100 lb. of London are equal to 113 lb. of Marseilles, and 100 lb. at Marseilles are equal to 81 lb. of Amsterdam; how many Pounds at London are equal to 60 lb. of Amsterdam ?

(2) If 104 lb. of English are equal to 844 lb. of Geneva, and 100 lb. of Geneva are equal to 108 lb at Rouen; how many Pounds English are equal to 64 lb. of Rouen ? (3) Suppose 100 Yards English to be equal to 78 Ells French, and 78 Ells French are equal to 133 Ells at Amsterdam; how many Yards English are equal to 100 Ells at Amsterdam ?

(4) If 100 Canes of Genoa be equal to 1913 Ells of England, and 78 Ells of England be equal to 1313 of Brussels; how many Canes of Genoa are equal to 100 Ells of Brussels?

Case 2. When it is required to find how many of the last Sort (of Weight or Measure mentioned) are equal to a given Number of the first.

RULE.

1. Place the Numbers alternately, beginning at the Left Hand, as before, and set the last Number on the Right Hand.

2. Multiply the first Row for a Divisor, and the other for a Dividend.

EXAMPLES.

(5) Suppose 100 lb. of Portugal be equal to 92 lb. of Antwerp, and 100 lb. of Antwerp be equal to 110 lb. of Lyons; how many Pounds at Lyons are equal to 60 lb. of Portugal?

(6) If 74 Yards of English be equal to 100 Brasses of Flo

rence, and 100 Brasses of Florence be equal to 30 Canes of Marseilles; how many Canes of Marseilles are equal to 100 Yards English?

XXXII. POSITION,

OR

The RULE of FALSE,

IS so called, because we suppose some uncertain or false Numbers, in order that, by reasoning from them, according to the Nature thereof, we may, by those false, supposed Numbers, find the true Number sought.

This Rule is divided into two Parts, commonly called the Single Rule, and Double Rule.

SINGLE POSITION.

By Single Position are answered all such Questions as require only one Supposition to discover the true Result.

RULE.

Make Choice of your Position; work with that Supposition, according to the Nature of the Question, as if it were the true Number; and if you find (after ordering your Position) the Result either too much or too little, you may then find the true Answer, by this Proportion, viz.

:

As the Result of your Position is to the Position :: so is the given Number: to the Number sought.

PROOF.

Add the several Parts of the Sum together, and if the Sum agrees with the given Number, it is right.

EXAMPLES.

(1) Three Persons, A B and C discoursing concerning their Ages; says B to A I am as old and half again as old as you: then says C to B, I am twice as old as you : now says A to them both, I am sure, if our Ag ges be added together, the Sum will be 132. I demand each Man's Age?