Accounts are usually kept in Dollars and Cents or hundredths-Dollars are reduced to Cents by adding two Cyphers to the Right-hand and Cents brought into Dollars by cutting off two Figures from the Right-hand, the Figures thus cut off being Cents, the others Dollars. VI. REDUCTION TEACHETH to reduce all great Names into small, by multiplying the given Number by so many of the next lower Name as make one of the higher, still keeping them equivalent in Value, and is called Reduction descending: on the contrary, all small Names are brought into great, by dividing the given Number by so many of the lesser Name as make one of the next greater; this is the Converse of the last, and is termed Reduction ascending. EXAMPLES in MONEY. (1) In 271. how many Shillings and Pence? (3) How many Shillings, Pence, and Farthings, are there in 407. 10s.? (4) In 38880 Farthings, how many Pounds? (5) Reduce 1047. 17s 62 to Farthings? (6) How many Pounds in 100683 Farthings? (7) In 21 Guineas, how many Shillings, Pence, and Farthings? (8) Reduce 21168 Farthings to Guineas. (9) In 42 Moidores at 27s. each, how many Farthings? (10) How many Moidores in 54432 Farthings? By this Weight ate weighed Gold, Silver, Jewels, Amber, and all Liquors. N. B. 14oz. 11dwt. 15grs. Troy, is equal to 1 Pound A voirdupois. EXAMPLES. (1) In 24/6. of Silver how many Ounces, Penny-weights, and Grains? (2) Reduce 138240 grs. to dwts. oz. and lb. (3) In an Ingot of Silver, weighing 12lb. 10oz. 22grs. how many Grains? (4) Reduce 73942 grs. to Pounds. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. Apothecaries, in making up their Medicines, use this Weight, but they buy and sell their Drugs by the Avoirdupois Weight. EXAMPLES. (5) In 14%. how many Ounces, Drams, Scruples, and Grains? (6) Reduce 80640 grs. to 9, 3, 3, and . (7) How many Grains in 4 b, 113, 29, 17 grs. (8) In 28377 grs. how many Pounds? AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. By Avoirdupois. Weight is weighed all manner of Things that have Waste, as all Physical Drugs and Grocery, Resin, Wax, Pitch, Tar, Tallow, Soap, Hemp, Flax, Hay, Wool, &c. all base Metals and Minerals, as Iron, Steel, Lead, Tin, Copper, Alum, Copperas, &c. also Bread, Butter, Cheese, Salt, Butchers' Meat, &c. 8 Pounds The Denominations in some of which are as follow, viz. Stone of Butchers' Meat. are one Stone of Horseman's Weight. 14 Pounds 194Hundreds Fother of Lead. WOOL WEIGHT. are 1 Load. Quartern ditto 4 584 Note. There are some sorts of Silk which are weighed by a great Pound of 24 oz. EXAMPLES. (9) In 1 Ton, or 20 Cwt. how many Quarters, Pounds, Ounces, and Drams? (10) Reduce 573440 drs. to Hundreds, &c. (11) Reduce 271b. 12oz. 11dr. to Drams. (12) How many Pounds in 715 drs. ? (13) In 12 Tons, 10Cwt. 14lb. 11oz. 15drs. how many drs.? (14 How many Tons are there in 7171775 drs. 6 Quarters J Ell French Ell Eng. Scotch and Irish Linens are bought and sold by the Yard ; but Dutch Linens are bought by the Ell Flemish, and sold by the Ell English. EXAMPLES. (15) In a Piece of Cloth containing 24 Yards, how many Quarters and Nails? (16) Reduce 384 Nails to Yards. (17) How many Nails are there in 72 Ells Eng. 4 qrs. 2na.§ (18) Reduce 1458 Nails to Ells English. (19) In 121 Ells Flemish, how many Nails? (20) Reduce 1452 Nails to Ells Flemish. (28) How many Nails in 42 Ells Fr. 5 qrs.? 22) Reduce 1028 Nails to Ells French. lea. 23 Leagues, or 694 Miles are one Inch. Foot. Yard. Pole, Rodor Perch Mile. League. Degree, Deg. 360 Degrees are the Circumference of the Globe. 5 Feet are a Geometrical Pace. 164 Feet are a Pole. By this Measure, Distances of Places, or any Thing else that has Length only, are measured. EXAMPLES. (23) In 176m. 30p. how many Poles? (24) Reduce 56350 Poles to Miles. (25) How many Yards, Feet, and Inches, are there in 200 Miles? (26) In 12672000 Inches, how many Miles? (28) Reduce 12 Leag. 1 M. 6 Fur. 29 P. 4 Yds. to Barley corns. (28) In 7193178 b. c. how many Leagues, &c. |