Εικόνες σελίδας
PDF
Ηλεκτρ. έκδοση

of-3

tenths must produce thousandths. of 8 are TOOD. But if we multiply them in the form of decimals, we obtain only one figure, viz. 6. In order to make it express Tooo it will be necessary to write two zeros before it thus, .006.

.03
.2

Ans. .006 of the whole stock.. This result is agreeable to the above rule. The following is

the general rule for multiplication, when there are decimals in either or both the numbers: Multiply as in whole numbers, and point off as many places from the right of the product for decimals, as there are decimal places in the multiplicand and multiplier counted together. If the product does not contain so many places, as many zeros must be written at the left, as are necessary to make up

the number.

Division of Decimals.

XXVIII. A man bought 8 yards of broadcloth for $75.376; how much was it per yard?

$75.376

mills 75376 (8

72

9422 mills.

33

32 $9.422 Ans.

17

16

16

16

|:

In this example there are decimals in the dividend only. I consider $75.376 as 75376 mills. Then dividing by 8, either by long or short division, I obtain 9422 mills per yard, which is $9.422. The answer has the same number of decimal places as the dividend.

Divide 117.54 bushels of corn equally among 18`men. How much will each have?

117.54 = 117,5%

653 6,50%=6.53.

1178; this divided by 18 gives

100

117.54 (18

108

6.53

95

90

54

54

Or we may reason as follows. I divide 117 by 18, which gives 6, and 9 remainder. 9 whole ones are 90 tenths, and 5 are 95 tenths; this divided by 18 gives 5, which must be tenths, and 5 remainder. 5 tenths are 50 hundredths, and 4 are 54 hundredths; this divided by 18 gives 3, which must be 3 hundredths. The answer is 6.53 each, as before.

If you divide 7.75 barrels of flour equally among 13 men, how much will you give each of them?

7.75 (13

65

.596 +

125

117

80

78

2

It is evident that they cannot have so much as a barrel each. 7.75 = 175 = 7788. Dividing this by

[ocr errors]

13, I obtain and a small remainder, which is not worth noticing, since it is only a part of a thousandth of a barrel. 596 = .596. Or we may reason thus: 7 whole ones are 70 tenths, and 7 are 77 tenths.

1000

This

divided by 13 gives 5, which must be tenths, and 12 remainder. 12 tenths are 120 hundredths, and 5 are 125 hundredths. This divided by 13 gives 9, which must be hundredths, and 8 remainder. We may now reduce this to thousandths, by annexing a zero. 8 hundredths are 80 thousandths. This divided by 13 gives 6, which must be thousandths, and 2 remainder. Thousandths will be sufficiently exact in this instance, we may therefore omit the remainder. The answer is 596 of a barrel each.

From the above examples it appears, that when only the dividend contains decimals, division is performed as in whole numbers, and in the result as many decimal places must be pointed off from the right, as there are in the dividend.

Note. If there be a remainder after all the figures have been brought down, the division may be carried further, by annexing zeros. In estimating the decimal places in the quotient, the zeros must be counted with the decimal places of the dividend.

At $6.75 a cord, how many cords of wood may be bought for $38?

675
00

In this example there are decimals in the divisor only. $6.75 is 675 cents or 97% of a dollar. The 38 dollars must also be reduced to cents or hundredths. This is done by annexing two zeros. Then as many

times as 675 hundredths are contained in 3800 hun

dredths, so many cords may be bought.

[blocks in formation]

The answer is 53

cords, or reducing the fraction to a decimal, by annexing zeros and continuing the division, 5.62 + cords.

If 3.423 yards of cloth cost $25, what is that per yard? 3.4233 = ffff.

423

3423

The question is, if of a yard cost $25, what is that a yard?

According to Art. XXIV., we must multiply 25 by 1000, that is, annex three zeros, and divide by 3423.

[blocks in formation]

The answer is $73033, or reducing the fraction to cents, $7.30 per yard.

If 1.875 yard of cloth is sufficient to make a coat; how many coats may be made of 47.5 yards?

In this example the divisor is thousandths, and the dividend tenths. If two zeros be annexed to the dividend it will be reduced to thousandths.

[blocks in formation]

1875 thousandths are contained in 47500 thousandths 25625 times, or reducing the fraction to decimals, 25.33+ times, consequently, 25 coats, and of another coat may be made from it.

33

100

From the three last examples we derive the following rule: When the divisor only contains decimals, or when there are more decimal places in the divisor than in the dividend, annex as many zeros to the dividend as the places in the divisor exceed those in the dividend, and then proceed as in whole numbers. The answer will be

whole numbers.

At $2.25 per gallon, how many gallons of wine may be bought for $15.375 ?

In this example the purpose is to find how many times $2.25 is contained in $15.375. There are more decimal places in the dividend than in the divisor. The first thing that suggests itself, is to reduce the divisor to the same denomination as the dividend, that is, to mills or thousandths. This is done by annexing a zero, thus $2.250. The question is now, to find how many times 2250 mills are contained in 15375 mills. It is not important whether the point be taken away or not.

19*

« ΠροηγούμενηΣυνέχεια »