and shall have qualified as such; and all rights, powers and obligations incident to Howard District of Anne Arundel county shall attach to Howard county.

2. When that part of Allegany county, lying south and west of a line beginning at the summit of Big Back Bone or Savage Mountain, where that mountain is crossed by Mason and Dixon's line; and running thence by a straight line, to the middle of Savage river where it empties into the Potomac river, thence by a straight line, to the nearest point or boundary of the State of Virginia; then with said boundary to the Fairfax stone, shall contain a population of ten thousand, and the majority of electors thereof shall desire to separate and form a new county, and make known their desire by petition to the Legislature, the Legislature shall direct at the next succeeding election, that the Judges shall open a book at each election district in said part of Allegany county, and have recorded therein the vote of each elector"For or Against" a new county. In case the majority are in favor, then said part of Allegany county to be declared an independent county, and the inhabitants whereof shall have, and enjoy all such rights and privileges as are held and enjoyed by the inhabitants of the other counties in this State. Provided, that the whole representation in the General Assembly of the county, when divided, shall not exceed the present delegation of Allegany county, allowed under this Constitution until after the next census.

ARTICLE IX.-Militia.

SEC. 1. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to pass laws for the enrolment of the Militia; to provide for districting the State into Divisions, Brigades, Battalions, Regiments, and Companies, and to pass laws for the effectual encouragement of volunteer corps by some mode which may induce the formation and continuance of at least one volunteer company in every county and division in the city of Baltimore. The company, battalion, and regimental officers (staff officers excepted) shall be elected by the persons composing their several companies, battalions and regiments.

2. The Adjutant General shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. He shall hold his office for the term of six years, and receive the same salary as heretofore, until changed by the Legislature.

ARTICLE X.-Miscellaneous.

SEC. 1. Every officer of this State, the Governor excepted, the entire amount of whose pay or compensation received for the discharge of his official duties shall exceed the yearly sum of three thousand dollars, shall keep a book, in which shall be entered every sum or sums of money received by him or on his account as a payment or compensation for his performance of official duties, a copy of which entries in said book, verified by the oath of the officer by whom it is directed to be kept, shall be returned yearly to the Trea

surer of the State for his inspection and that of the General Assembly of Maryland; and each of such officers, when the amount received by him for the year shall exceed the sum of three thousand dollars, shall yearly pay over to the treasurer the amount of such excess by him received, subject to such disposition thereof as the Legislature may deem just and equitable. And any such officer failing to comply with the said requisition, shall be deemed to have vacated his office, and be subject to suit by the State for the amount that ought to have been paid into the treasury.

2. The Legislature shall have power to pass all such laws as may be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers vested by this Constitution, in any department or office of the Government, and the duties imposed upon them thereby.

3. If in any election directed by this Constitution any two or more candidates shall have the highest and an equal number of votes, a new election shall be ordered, unless in cases specially provided for by the Constitution.

4. The trial by jury of all issues of fact in civil proceedings, in the several courts of law in this State, where the amount in controversy exceeds the sum of five dollars, shall be inviolably preserved.

5. In the trial of all criminal cases the jury shall be the judges of law as well as fact.

6. The Legislature shall have power to regulate by law all matters which relate to the judges, time, place and manner of holding elections in this State, and of making returns thereof, provided that the tenure and term of office, and the day of election shall not be affected thereby.

7. All rights vested, and all liabilities incurred shall remain as if this Constitution had not been adopted.

8. The Governor and all officers, civil and military, now holding commissions under this State shall continue to hold and exercise their offices, according to their present tenure, until they shall be superseded, pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution, and until their successors be duly qualified.

9. The sheriffs of the several counties of this State, and of the city of Baltimore, shall give notice of the several elections authorized by this Constitution, in the manner prescribed by existing laws for elections under the present Constitution.

10. This Constitution, if adopted by a majority of the legal votes cast on the first Wednesday of June next, shall go into operation on the fourth day of July next, and on and after said day shall supersede the present Constitution of this State.

ARTICLE XI.-Amendment of the Constitution.

It shall be the duty of the Legislature, at its first session immediately succeeding the returns of every census of the United States, hereafter taken, to pass a law for ascertaining, at the next general

election of Delegates, the sense of the people of Maryland in regard to the calling a Convention for altering the Constitution; and in case the majority of votes cast at said election shall be in favor of calling a Convention, the Legislature shall provide for assembling such Convention, and electing Delegates thereto at the earliest convenient day; and the Delegates to the said Convention shall be elected by the several counties of the State and the city of Baltimore, in proportion to their representation respectively in the Senate and House of Delegates, at the time when said Convention may be called.

Or the original thirteen colonies, this was the largest. It was named Virginia by Sir Walter Raleigh, in honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of Eng land, who had granted him the country. He attempted to settle it, but failed. A grant was made of it to the London Company as early as 1606. Soon after, they sent out three ships with one hundred and five persons to begin a settlement. They located themselves at Jamestown, on the James river, in 1607. These adventurers suffered much for want of provisions, and in four months from the time of their landing, fifty of their little company had perished. In 1608, 120 new settlers arrived. In 1609, the London Company obtained a new charter, with greater power and privileges. When Charles II. was in exile, Va. invited him to become her King, which was prevented by his returning to England; hence Va. was called the old dominion. In 1619, the first legislative body ever held in America, met at Jamestown. As many had become dissatisfied, and contemplated returning to England, the London Company, in 1620, sent over more than ninety girls to be disposed of as wives among the young plantAt first the price was 100 lbs. of tobacco each, but the demand was so great, that it was increased to 160 lbs. The infant colony suffered much from the Indians, and for want of provisions; so that, in 1624, out of about 9000 persons who had come over, only 1800 were living.

ers.

In 1624 King James dissolved the London Company, assumed the govern ment, and appointed a Governor. The colonists submitted reluctantly to this till 1636, when they took the government into their own hands, sending back to England the Governor appointed by the King. This State adopted its first Constitution in 1776, the second in 1830, the present one in 1851.

Virginia has the honor of being the birth-place of six of the Presidents of the United States, viz.: Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, and Tyler.

Area, 64,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1850, 1,421,081, of which 473,026 are slaves. Free colored, 53,906.