or more of such items be approved by a majority of the members elected to each house, the same shall be a part of the law, notwithstanding the objections of the Governor. All the provisions of this section in relation to bills not approved by the Governor shall apply to cases in which he shall withhold his approval from any item or items contained in a bill appropriating money.

8. No member of Congress, or person holding an office under the United States, or this State, shall exercise the office of Governor; and in case the Governor, or person administering the government shall accept any office under the United States or this State, his office of Governor shall thereupon be vacant. Nor shall he be elected by the Legislature to any office under the government of this State or of the United States, during the term for which he shall have been elected Governor.

9. The Governor, or person administering the government, shall have power to suspend the collection of fines and forfeitures, and to grant reprieves, to extend until the expiration of a time not exceeding ninety days after conviction; but this power shall not extend to cases of impeachment.

10. The Governor, or person administering the government, the chancellor, and the six judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, or a major part of them, of whom the Governor, or person administering the government, shall be one, may remit fines and forfeitures, and grant pardons, after conviction, in all cases except impeachment.

11. The Governor and all other civil officers under this State shall be liable to impeachment for misdemeanor in office during their continuance in office, and for two years thereafter.

12. In cases of death, resignation or removal from office of the Governor, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate, and in case of his death, resignation or removal, then upon the Speaker of the the House of Assembly, for the time being, until another Governor shall be elected and qualified; but in such case another Governor shall be chosen at the next election for members of the Legislature, unless such death, resignation or removal shall occur within thirty days immediately preceding such next election, in which case a Governor shall be chosen at the second succeeding election for members of the Legislature. When a vacancy happens, during the recess of the Legislature, in any office which is to be filled by the Governor and Senate, or by the Legislature in joint meet

ing, the Governor shall fill such vacancy and the commission shall expire at the end of the next session of the Legislature, unless a successor shall be sooner appointed; when a vacancy happens in the office of clerk or surrogate of any county, the Governor shall fill such vacancy, and the commission shall expire when a successor is elected and qualified.

13. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his absence from the State or inability to discharge the duties of his office, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate; and in case of his death, resignation or removal, then upon the Speaker of the House of Assembly for the time being, until the Governor, absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted, or until the disqualification or inability shall cease, or until a new Governor be elected and qualified.

14. In case of a vacancy in the office of Governor from any other cause than those herein enumerated, or in case of the death of the Governor-elect before he is qualified into office, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate or Speaker of the House of Assembly, as above provided for, until a new Governor be elected and qualified.

ARTICLE VI.
Judiciary.

Section I.

1. The judicial power shall be vested in a Court of Errors and Appeals in the last resort in all causes as heretofore; a court for the trial of impeachments; a Court of Chancery; a Prerogative Court; a Supreme Court; Circuit Courts, and such inferior courts as now exist, and as may be hereafter ordained and established by law; which inferior courts the Legislature may alter or abolish, as the public good shall require.

Section II.

1. The Court of Errors and Appeals shall consist of the chancellor, the justices of the Supreme Court, and six judges, or a major part of them; which judges are to be appointed for six years.

2. Immediately after the court shall first assemble, the six judges shall arrange themselves in such manner that the seat of one of them shall be vacated every year, in order that thereafter one judge may be annually appointed.

3. Such of the six judges as shall attend the court shall receive, respectively, a per diem compensation, to be provided by law.

4. The Secretary of State shall be the clerk of this court.

5. When an appeal from an order or decree shall be heard, the chancellor shall inform the court, in writing, of the reasons for his order of decree; but he shall not sit as a member, or have a voice in the hearing or final sentence.

6. When a writ of error shall be brought, no justice who has given a judicial opinion in the cause in favor of or against any error complained of, shall sit as a member, or have a voice on the hearing, or for its affirmance or reversal; but the reasons for such opinion shall be assigned to the court in writing.

Section III.

1. The House of Assembly shall have the sole power of impeaching, by vote of a majority of all the members; and all impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; the members, when sitting for that purpose, to be on oath or affirmation "truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question according to evidence;" and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members of the Senate.

2. Any judicial officer impeached shall be suspended from exercising his office until his acquittal.

3. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend farther than to removal from office, and to disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, profit or trust under this State; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable to indictment, trial and punishment according to law.

4. The Secretary of State shall be the clerk of this court.

Section IV.

1. The Court of Chancery shall consist of a chancellor. 2. The chancellor shall be the ordinary Surrogate-General, and judge of the Prerogative Court.

3. All persons aggrieved by any order, sentence or decree of the Orphans' Court, may appeal from the same, or from any part thereof to the Prerogative Court; but such order, sentence or decree shall not be removed into the Supreme Court, or Circuit Court if the subject-matter thereof be within the jurisdiction of the Orphans' Court.

4. The Secretary of State shall be the register of the Prerogative Court, and shall perform the duties required of him by law in that respect.

'Section V.

1. The Supreme Court shall consist of a chief justice and four associate justices. The number of associate justices may be increased or decreased by law, but shall never be less than two.

2. The Circuit Courts shall be held in every county of this State, by one or more of the justices of the Supreme Court, or a judge appointed for that purpose, and shall, in all cases within the county except in those of a criminal nature, have common law jurisdiction, concurrent with the Supreme Court; and any final judgment of a Circuit Court may be docketed in the Supreme Court, and shall operate as a judgment obtained in the Supreme Court from the time of such docketing.

3. Final judgments in any Circuit Court may be brought by writ of error into the Supreme Court, or directly into the Court of Errors and Appeals.

Section VI.

1. There shall be no more than five judges of the inferior Court of Common Pleas in each of the counties in this State, after the terms of the judges of said court now in office shall terminate. One judge for each county shall be appointed every year, and no more, except to fill vacancies, which shall be for the unexpired term only.

2. The commissions for the first appointments of judges of said court shall bear date and take effect on the first day of April next; and all subsequent commissions for judges of said court shall bear date and take effect on the first day of April in every successive year, except commissions to fill vacancies, which shall bear date and take effect when issued.

1.

Section VII.

There may be elected under this Constitution two, and not more than five, justices of the peace in each of the townships of the several counties of this State, and in each of the wards, in cities that may vote in wards. When a township or ward contains two thousand inhabitants or less, it may have two justices; when it contains more than two thousand inhabitants, and not more than four thousand, it may have four justices; and when it contains more than four thousand inhab

itants, it may have five justices; provided, that whenever any township not voting in wards containing more than seven thousand inhabitants, such township may have an additional justice for each additional three thousand inhabitants above four thousand.

2. The population of the townships in the several counties of the State and of the several wards shall be ascertained by the last preceding census of the United States, until the Legislature shall provide, by law, some other mode of ascertaining it.

ARTICLE VII.

Appointing Power and Tenure of Office.

Section I.-Militia Officers.

1. The Legislature shall provide by law for enrolling, organizing and arming the militia.

2. Captains, subalterns and non-commissioned officers shall be elected by the members of their respective companies.

3. Field officers of regiments, independent battalions and squadrons shall be elected by the commissioned officers of their respective regiments, battalions or squadrons.

4. Brigadier-generals shall be elected by the field officers of their respective brigades.

5. Major-generals, the adjutant-general and quartermastergeneral shall be nominated by the Governor, and appointed by him, with the advice and consent of the Senate.

6. The Legislature shall provide, by law, the time and manner of electing militia officers, and of certifying their elections to the Governor, who shall grant their commissions, and determine their rank, when not determined by law; and no commissioned officer shall be removed from office but by the sentence of a court-martial, pursuant to law.

7. In case the electors of subalterns, captains or field officers shall refuse or neglect to make such elections, the Governor shall have power to appoint such officers, and to fill all vacancies caused by such refusal or neglect.

8. Brigade inspectors shall be chosen by the field officers of their respective brigades.

9. The Governor shall appoint all militia officers whose appointment is not otherwise provided for in this Constitution.