Dollars and cents only are used in accounts, and are expressed thus, $45,73; read thus, 45 dollars and 73 cents. NOTE 1. As there are only two places of figures in cents, and they are separated from the dollars by a comma or point, all the figures at the left of the comma or point, are dollars; thus $9364,56 are read 9364 dollars and 56 cents. NOTE 2. As one cent is one hundredth part of a dollar, therefore when the number of cents is expressed by a single figure, as 6, 8, &c. it must occupy the unit's place in the column of cents, thus, $37, 26 42, 6 But if a cipher should be prefixed, it would be better, and prevent mistakes which often take place. Thus, $37, 26 42, 06 25, 08 RULE. Place the numbers so that each may stand under its like denomination, then proceed as in Simple Addition; observing to set the separating points in their proper places. EXAMPLES in dollars, cents, and mills. 1. A owes me $ 126,55; B, $ 64,36; C, $ 210,5l; D, 93,46; what is the whole ? 2. and Ans. 494, 88. What is the sum of $ 46,26; $72,65; 49,37; 136, 95? Ans. 305, 23. 3. I bought a farm, for which I owe $.500, and have paid $967, 35; what was the whole value of the farm? Ans. 1467, 35. 4. The difference of two sums is $ 500, and the less sum is $ 967, 35; what is the greater sum? Ans. 1467, 35. COMPOUND ADDITION Teaches to collect numbers of diverse denominations into one sum. RULE. Place the numbers so that each may stand under its like denomination. Begin with the lowest, and add that column as in Simple Addition; divide the sum by as many of that denomination as make one of the next higher; set the remainder underneath, and add the quotient to the next higher denomination; proceed with that in the same manner; and so on through all the denominations to the last, which add as in Simple Addition. OF MONEY NOT DECIMALLY DIVIDED. Accounts were formerly kept in pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, in the United States; they are kept so in several countries with which we trade, which renders it necessary to keep this method in view. The denominations are as in the following TABLE. 4 Farthings (or quarters) sometimes marked qr. make 1 Penny, marked d. 12 Pennies (or Pence) 1 shilling * When £ is prefixed to a sum all the figures between it and the next separating point, are pounds; those between this point and the second separating point are shillings; those at the right of the second separating point are pence and farthings. In the first example I begin with the farthings, and find by adding them together, they amount to 12, and as 4 farthings make I penny, the 12 will make 3 pence to carry, and no farthings remain to set down; I therefore carry three to the pence, and add them up, finding the whole column of pence (including the 3 I carried) to be 45, which are 3 shillings and 9 pence; I set the 9 under the pence, and carry 3 to the shillings, and add them up, find 65 shillings, which are 3 pounds and 5 shillings; the 5 shillings I set under the shillings, and carry the 3 to the pounds, which I add up by columns, and carry for tens as in Simple Addition. These examples are proved as in Simple Addition. NOTE I. In England and France there are pieces of gold called guineas, of silver called crowns, &c. as also several imaginary, in those and other countries. The following table exhibits some of them with their value in New England currency, (as formerly reckoned) and also in Federal Money.. Besides there were formerly in England, and still retained by some, the following imaginary denominations, Jacobus. Mark. Noble. 1. 13. 4. 5. 55. 6. NOTE 2. A groat is generally understood to signify 4 pence, both in England, and the United States. Articles which are bought and sold, by tale, are, staves, bricks, and nails; they are counted by casting three at a time; 40 casts are called 1 hundred, 10 hundred 1 thousand. Twelve of some articles, as buttons, &c. are called 1 dozen, 12 dozen I gross, and 12 gross or 144 dozen, 1 great gross. 20 of some articles are called 1 score. Some of the measures not usually inserted in Tables, are, 6 points, 12 lines, 1 line, used in regulating the length of 1 inch, the rods of clock pendulums. D |