4 inches,

6 feet,

}

used in measuring height of

1 hand; horses.

1 fathom; used in measuring depths at sea.

6120 feet, 1 geographical mile,

used in measuring distances at sea.

3 such miles, 1 sea league; 60 such miles, 1 degree, of latitude, or of a great circle of the earth; the whole being 360 degrees.

NOTE. 60 geographical miles are equal to 691 English statute miles, which makes the whole circumference of the earth, 25020 statute miles; though but 21600 geographical miles.

Troy Weight.

The denominations of Troy Weight are expressed in the following

TABLE.

24 grains, marked gr. make 1 penny-weight, marked dwt.

20 dwt.

12 oz.

1 ounce,

1 pound Troy,

OZ.

lb.

By this weight, gold, silver, jewels, electuaries, and all liquors are weighed.

Avoirdupois Weight.

The denominations of Avoirdupois weight are pressed in the following Table.

ex

TABLE.

16 drams, marked dr. make 1 ounce,

1 pound,

marked

Oz.

jb.

make 1 quarter of an hundred weight, qr. 1 hundred-weight,

A fother of lead

A great pound of silk,

A stone of wool

of beef,

1 ton,

C, or cwt.

T.

is 19 C, 2 qrs.

or iron,

A faggot of steel,

A quintal of fish,

24 oz.*

7 lb,

14 lb.

120 lb.

112 lb.

By this weight all coarse articles, or such as are of a drossy nature; as all grocery and chandlers' wares, and all metals, except gold and silver, are weighed.

NOTE I. The pound Avoirdupois is equal to 14 oz. II dwt. 15 gr. Troy; and the pound Troy is equal to 13 oz. =29330 dr. Avoirdupois.

13999

NOTE II. In this kind of weight, the words gross and net are used; gross is the whole weight of the goods, and of the box, bale, bag, cask, &c. which contains them.

Net weight is the pure, weight of the goods, after deducting the weight of the box, bale, bag or cask, which contains them, and every other usual allowance.

NOTE III. The calling 112 pounds a gross, and 100 pounds a net hundred, is (though somewhat a popular) but a vague distinction; as both gross and net weight are frequently expressed in pounds, ounces, c. as well as in hundreds; as will be seen in the Rule of Tare and Tret.

Some kinds of silk are weighed by the great pound of 24

ounces..

Apothecaries Weight.

The denominations of Apothecaries' Weight are expressed in the following

This weight is used in compounding or mixing medicines, but never in buying or selling; it is therefore useless to all but such as deal in medicines. The pound, ounce and grain are the same in this, as in Troy weight; but the sunce differently divided, and subdivided.

3 m.

f.

1 inch, marked i.

1 foot.

1 yard,

yd.

1 pole, perch or rod, po. 1 furlong,

fu.

yds. or 5280 f.

}

English statute mile, m.

-1 league,

Lea.

69 statute miles, or 60 geographical miles, make

one degree of a Great Circle of the Earth.

NOTE I. Mariners keep their account of the ship's run, &c. in geographical (by some called sea) miles; 60 of which are equal to 691 English statute miles.

NOTE II. The English statute miles are used in the United States, for measuring distances on land; as roads, c.

NOTE. The yard is used in measuring all kinds of woollen cloths, wrought silks, most linens, garterings, qualities, &c.

The Ell English is used in measuring some particular kinds of linens, called Hollands.

The Ell Flemish is used in measuring tapestry..

The Ell French is a measure used, in some parts of France,

Land is commonly measured with Gunters' chain, of 100 links each link being 7 inches, and 92 hundredth parts of an inch, which makes the whole chain 66 feet.

One pole, perch or rod, is a fourth part of a chain, equal to 25 links, or 16 feet, or 5 yards.

A rod in length, and the same in width, is called a square rod of land, &c.

A chain in length, and the same in width, is a square chain; and so of any other dimensions of equal length and width.

In a square rod, pole or perch, there are 625 square links, or 2724 square feet.

In a square chain there are 16 square rods, or 10000 square links, or 4356 square feet.

In an acre of land there are 10 square chains, or 160 square rods, or 43560 square feet, or 100000 square links.

The most common denominations of Land Measure are expressed in the following

10000 square links, marked li. make 1 square chain, ch.

A