TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. LOCATION. AREA: Maps. GENERAL FEATURES. RIVERS. REGIONS. AGRICULTURE: Small Grain, Rice, Indigo, Indian Corn, Cotton, Sea Island Cotton, Remarks. DIAGRAM OF CROPS. 1670 to 1880.................................................................pp. 1–13. COAST REGION. CHAPTER II. LOCATION: Area, Characteristics. GEOLOGY: Subsidence, Erosion, Sedimentation, Formation of Islands, Topography. PHYSICAL: Features, Tides. SOILS: Uplands, Bays, Salt-Marshes. ANALYSES: Error, Occurrence of Marls, &c. CLIMATE: Health. STATISTICS. PRODUCTIONS. COTTON: Three Kinds of Seeds, Hybrids, Origin, Improvement, and Characteristics of Sea Island. FARMS : Number, Value of Land. LABOR: Tenures, Credits, Diagram, Enclosures, Drainage, Plows, Hoes, Fallows. CULTURE: Of Sea Island Cotton. ENEMIES: Of the Plant, Handling. SEED: Santees and Mains. LIMITS: Of Culture. Cost of Production, Yield, Itemized Statement of Expenditures......... pp. 14-43. CHAPTER III. LOWER PINE BELT, OR SAVANNA REGION. LOCATION. PHYSICAL-Features, Rivers, Lakelets, Elevation, Drainage, Irrigration, Freshets. GEOLOGY: Cretaceous, Buhrstone, Santee Marls, Ashley and Cooper Marls. PHOSPHATES: Occurrence, Characters, Fossils, Changes, Origin, Extent. Mining. SOILS: Uplands, Analyses, Swamps. GROWTH. CLIMATE: Health. STATISTICS. PRODUCTIONS: Rice Culture, Oats, Grasses. AREA: In Cotton. FARMS: Labor, Wages, Rents. Value of Land, Credits. TILLAGE: Fallowing, Rotation of Crops, Manures. COTTON: Culture, Handling. Cost: Of Production. Disasters to the Plant. Abstract of Township Correspondence..... .....pp. 44-70. CHAPTER IV. UPPER PINE BELT. LOCATION. ELEVATION: Water Courses GEOLOGY: Cretaceous, Miocene, and Eocene Marls, Buhrstone. SOILS: Analyses. Pee Dee Lands, River Lands, Swamp Lands. CLIMATE: Frost Diagram. GROWTH: Indian Fires. PRODUCTIONS STATISTICS. ADVANCES: To Farmers. SIZE of Farms. LABOR : Wages, Rent, Value of Land. TABLE: Exhibiting Production in Relation to Credits, Size of Farms, those Rented and those Worked by Owners. ENCLOSURES: Drainage, Fallows, Rotation, Tillage, Growth on Lands Lying Out, Manures. COTTON: Culture, Handling. RATIO: Of Lint to Seed Cotton. SHIPPING. Grass, Lice, Rust. Cost: Of Production. Ditto in 1848. ABSTRACT; Of Township Correspondence.........pp. 71-109. CHAPTER V. RED HILL REGION. LOCATION. GEOLOGY: Sienna Colored Clay, Gravel Bed, Buhrstone, Siliceous Rock. SOILS: Analyses. CLIMATE. GROWTH. STATISTICS....... pp. 110-116. CHAPTER VI. SAND HILL REGION. POSITION and Area: Elevation, Contour, Diagram, Streams, Lakelets, Blowing Wells. GEOLOGY: Granite, Sandstone, Loose Sand, Kaolin Clay. SOILS: Analyses. GROWTH and Productions. TISTICS..... CLIMATE. STA ..pp. 117-125. CHAPTER VII. PIEDMONT REGION. LOCATION, Name, Elevations. Fall in Streams, Watersheds, Rivers, Table, Navigation. GEOLOGY: Triple Occurrence of Granite: Gneiss, Hornblende, Mica Slate, Ores and Minerals, Talc Slate, Diamonds, Clay Slate, Trap. GOLD Mines: Occurrence, Diagram, Golden Age, SILVER, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Bismuth, Iron, Barytes, Manganese, Graphite, Felspar. Asbestos, Soapstone, Beryl, Tourmaline, Corundum, Zircons. SOILS: Disintegration of Rocks. SOILS: Gray Sandy, Analyses, Red Loams, Analyses, Hornblendic, Analyses, Mica Slate, Clay Slate, Analyses, Trappean, Analyses, Bottom Lands. CLIMATE: Temperature, Rainfall, Health, Malarial Line. GROWTH: Cane, Pines, Chestnut. PRODUCTIONS: Cattle, Hemp, Tobacco, Grapes, Bermuda Grass, Lucerne. STATISTICS: Farm Values and Productions in relation to System of Agriculture, Table, Deductions Land Holdings, Provisions, Advances, Banks. LABOR, Wages, Value of Lands, Rents. TILLAGE: Rotation, Fallowing, Old Fields, Manuring. Cotton Culture, Enemies Crab Grass. GINNING, SHIPPING, Cost of Production. ABSTRACT of Township Correspondence...................... pp. 126–182. CHAPTER VIII. ALPINE REGION. LOCATION: Features, Great Fault, Watersheds, Mountain Knobs, Elevations, Aspect. GEOLOGY: Rocks, Ores, Minerals. SOILS. STATISTICS. LABOR. TILLAGE. Cotton Culture. GINNING. Abstract of Township Correspondence.. ...........pp. 183–195. CHAPTER IX. WATER POWERS. Sources of Information. THREE Regions, PHYSICAL Conditions, Climate, Rainfall. WATER Courses, Table, Power Utilized, Table. METHOD of Estimating Water Power. SUMMARY of Powers, Notes. AFFLUENTS of the Savannah, Aggregate of Power, Employment of Water Power, Cost......... .pp. 196-208. CHAPTER X. LIST OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES, Fishes, Bibliography......... pp. 209-264. CHAPTER XI. LIST OF THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH CAROLINA. INTRODUCTORY: INSECTS, Bibliography, SPIDERS, HUNDRED-LEGS, CRABS, WORMS, PARASITES, CUTTLE-FISH, SNAILS, MUSSELS, STAR-FISH, JELLY-FISH, CORALS, SPONGES, INFUSORIA, Bibliography.. ..pp. 265-311. CHAPTER XII. LIST OF THE PLANTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. FLOWERING Plants, with two seed leaves, with one seed leaf. FLOWERLESS Plants, Horsetails, Ferns, Club-mosses, Water-ferns. Mosses. Lichens. Seaweed. Mushrooms. Summary. Bibliography .........pp. 312-359. TABLES. TABLE I. Meteorological Records from 1752 to 1880. TABLE II. Statistics of the Agricultural Regions of South Carolina, 1880. TABLE III. TABLE IV. General Statistics of Agriculture in South Carolina, and in the United States, from 1850 to 1860. TABLE V. Agricultural Statistics of each Township of South Carolina, in 1880. N. B. The data of Tables II., III., and V. may be localized by reference to the Map accompanying this Volume. PART II. CHAPTER I. POPULATION. INDIANS, Origin, Numbers, Synopsis of Nations and Tribes, Survivors. NEGROES, Introduction of, Numbers of Imported, Rate of Increase from 1714 to 1790, from 1790 to 1865, Increase of Free Negroes, Increase in South Carolina, 1810 to 1880, Compared with Other Populations, Intermixture, Females, Centres of Population, Divergence of African and European. DISTRIBUTION of Negro, Foreign, and Aggregate Population according to Elevation, to Mean Annual Temperature, to Summer Temperature, to Winter Temperature, to Highest Temperature, to Lowest Temperature, to Rainfall. DISTRIBUTION within the State, Chronologically. DIFFUSION. EUROPEANS, Chronology 1497 to 1783, Numbers, 1790 to 1880, Increase, 1790 to 1880, Tables, Diagram, No Antagonism of Races, Prospect. MOVEMENT of Population, Population Maps, 1790 to 1880, Tables. FOREIGNERS. SEXES. AGES, Aggregate Years Lived, Ratio of Different Ages, Tables, Military Age, Citizenship Age, Table. Dwellings and Families, Tables. pp. 363-399. CHAPTER II. VITAL STATISTICS. Mortuary Records, Comparison of Deaths in South Carolina and in the United States, Diagram, Death Rate of Foreigners. MARRIAGES: Table, Season. BIRTHS: Number, Table, Season, Plurality Births, Still Births. DEATHS: Table, 1853-59, Months, Ages, Longevity, Causes of Death. MALARIAL DISEASES: Census of 1880, Mortality in the Different Regions of the State, Age, Sex, Principal Diseases...... pp. 400-421. CHAPTER III. INSTITUTIONS. Government and Laws of South Carolina. ORIGIN of the name Carolina. CHARACTER and Nationalities of the Colonists, Government under the Lords Proprietors, Locke's Constitution, the Royal Governors, Constitutions of 1776 and 1790, Progress between the Revolutionary War and Secession. LEADING Principles of the Constitution, Declaration of Rights and Form of Government, Legislative Department, Executive Department, Judicial Department; The Suffrage, Taxation, Education; The Militia, Marriage and Divorce, Amendments and Revision of the Constitution. THE STATUTE Law, Crimes and Punishments, Murder, Rape and Arson, Manslaughter, other Crimes and Misdemeanors. LAW OF PROPERTY, PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, IMMIGRANTS AND SEAMEN, GENERAL REMARKS, AUTHORITIES consulted........ .pp. 421-444. CHAPTER IV. A SKETCH OF EDUCATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA. CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONS. pp. 445-549. CHAPTER V. CHURCHES. Church of England, other Churches, Negro Churches, Tables....... ..pp. 550-556. Population Accounted for, Percentage of Workers, Increase. Sex, and Nativity, Changes of Occupation, Agriculture, Professional and Personal Services, Trade and Transportation, Manufactures and Mining. The INSANE: Idiots, Blind, Deaf Mutes, Paupers, Prisoners..... ...pp. 557-572. CHAPTER VII. MANUFACTURES. Compared with Agriculture, Retrospect, Growth. Present Condition. COTTON GOODS, COTTON GINNING. FERTILIZERS, FLOUR AND GRIST MILIS, SAWING LUMBER, TURPENTINE, and other Manufactures. MINING: Phosphates, Kaolin, Granite, Fisheries.......... CHAPTER VIII. THE HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION OF TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA... ..pp. 611-640. |