in filling the system all small particles shall be eliminated from the telemotor pipes, and if necessary water should be passed through the system from the top down, until it is thoroughly cleaned prior to filling with glycerine and water, or telemotor oil.

In filling the system all of the liquid should be filtered through several layers of cheese cloth, and it should be noted that no particles of dirt or waste pass into the tank which supplies the pump.

NOTE. Where cock is furnished between by-pass valves, cock is to be closed only in case of accident to valves J and must be open at all other times.

DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION OF

BROWN TELEMOTOR.

It is of the utmost importance in this apparatus that all joints be water-tight, as any leakage will empty the small tank. After all the pipes are coupled and the connections made to the cylinders and to the tank in the wheelhouse, close the cock underneath the tank and fill to about one-third full with fresh water, and for cold climates add 30 per cent of refined glycerine, which keeps the parts lubricated and will resist frost to about zero Fahrenheit. (See table of freezing temperatures of various mixtures of water and glycerine.) Put the hand wheel in mid-gear, which will be seen by the pointer coming between the two zero marks on the indicator. This opens a by-pass between the top and bottom ends of the cylinder, and allows the whole system to be charged by one operation from the after part of the ship.

Open the valve A on the underside of the cylinder B or motor cylinder, after coupling on the discharge pipe C from the charging pump D, the suction pipe E being connected to the tank F, a piece of pipe G connecting the air valve H on back end of cylinder to the tank. The end of this must just come

over the filter X in tank F, from which the suction is taken. Open the air valve H on top and commence pumping, great care being taken that the liquid in the tank F never gets so low as to allow the pump to draw air, as the good working of the

gear depends on the air being expelled. The liquid will shortly be seen to run from the small pipe G back into tank F; but the pumping must be continued for some time, say three times as long as it took to begin to come back. By this time the air should nearly all have been driven out, and each stroke of the

pump D should show a corresponding rush, and not a continuous flow back through the return pipe G.

Being satisfied as to this, the air valve H on the top of the cylinder should be closed, and a slight but continuous strain kept on the pump D. Now go forward to the wheel house, and on the valve casing cover I on the cylinder J will be seen a brass plug K; remove it and press down the spindle of the suction valve L, which is immediately underneath, when the liquid will rush up, owing to the pressure being kept on by the pump D from aft. When the casing is quite full and no more air bubbles up, screw in the plug K. Also the plug M on top of forward cylinder should be slacked back to allow any air imprisoned in the cylinder to escape; then tighten up plug M. Open the valve underneath the tank O and close A on the underside of the motor cylinder B, when the telemotor will be fully charged and ready for use. The tank 0 in wheel house should always be kept at least half full and the valve on the bottom of it must always be open when the telemotor is in use.

The gear may now be tried by putting the wheel over to port and starboard, and noticing aft if a corresponding movement takes place in the piston of the motor cylinder. Should it not respond on one side or the other, then an internal leakage may be suspected; in which case examine the leathers in telemotor and motor cylinder.

The suction and relief valves L and P are not working valves, but merely open and shut as occasion requires, to allow for expansion and contraction of the fluid in the pipes, due to change of temperature.

The leathers in the pistons themselves will not cause any trouble until actually worn out, and even when in a leaky condition will work quite well and keep in correspondence with the gear aft in virtue of the spring always putting the gear into the central position when the forward piston enters the by-pass portion of the cylinder.

After having made any repairs that may be necessary, and before recharging, it is advisable to clean out the pocket Q that is placed beneath the valve casing on the bridge telemotor, for the purpose of collecting any dirt or sediment that may be in the liquid. This is done by removing the brass plug in the bottom, when the small quantity of liquid that flows out of the pocket will carry anything with it. X is a small portable filter to prevent dirt or other foreign matter from getting into the system, and it should always be in place when pumping up or filling the tank.

It frequently happens that owing to the action of the propeller, the ship requires a few degrees of port or starboard helm, which will be shown by the indicator on the bridge. If this is so, the connecting rod to the steering-gear valve should be lengthened or shortened as the case may be, and the springs aft will then, when adjusting, give the necessary permanent bias to the rudder, while the indicator on the bridge will show the gear amidship—that is, steering as if the propeller had no influence on the ship's course.

The capacity of the telemotor apparatus on the bridge is nearly double that of the motor cylinder aft, so that the ship could be steered on a course quite well when the indicator showed 45°, and the rudder fore and aft. This might happen with a very leaky and worn-out leather, but still the ship could be steered perfectly.

If the wheel is put to zero by the indicator, the gear.aft will immediately get into correspondence, although for a moment the ship would be put slightly off her course. In confined waters or tortuous passages, in such an emergency the hand valve R can be used to effect the same object without interfering with the steering of the ship, by opening it and running the wheel to zero, care being taken to close it again. This, however, should never be used unless absolutely necessary, as quartermasters may try it out of curiosity, and, of course, if