Auguft 16, 1765. Reckoned and balanced all Accompts, and I Samuel Long acknowledge myself to be indebted to John Page three Pounds ten Shillings, which I promise to pay on Demand, for Value received. Witness my Hand, Samuel Long.

Teft.

Abraham Juftice.

EXAMPLE 6.

When a perfon has no money about him, or has his money in others perfons hands, and gives you a note or draught upon them for the payment of any fum, it is wrote after this manner:

Sir, Pleafe to pay to Mr. John Page, or Bearer, three Pounds ten Shillings, and place it to the Accompt of Your bumble Servant, Samuel Long.

To Mr. Jonathan Trufty.

3. Of the Value of the common Coins ufed in England, how they are expressed, and how fet down.

A Port, or Portugal piece, is fet down 17. 16s. but is expreffed, or commonly called, a fix and thirty. A double Port is 3 l. 125.

A Moidore is fet down 17. 7 s. but called a feven and twenty.

A Guinea is 17. 1 s. and expreffed a guinea.

A Crown is expreffed a crown; but fet down 5 s.
Half a Crown is 25. and 6d.

A Tefter is fix-pence.

A Groat is four-pence.

An ufeful EXAMple.

A fervant laid out cafh as follows: for Coals a guinea and a half. Cloth three and twenty and fix-pence. Meat feven groats. Butter, Eggs, and Bacon nineteen-pence half-penny, and Thread feven farthings. What was laid out in all ?

Tyro.

Philo. Very well done indeed. Obferve further then, that from one to two fhillings, and from one to two pounds, the expreffion is different from the fetting-down. Thus, Is. 1od is expreffed two and twenty-pence half penny; and 17. 19s. 6d. is expreffed nine and thirty and fix pence.

2

So alfo, though thefe numbers 1300, 1754, and 2500, are properly, one thoufand three hundred, one thousand feven hundred and fifty-four, and two thoufand five hundred; yet they are thus expreffed; thirteen hundred, feventeen hundred and fifty-four, and five and twenty hundred.

A

Tyro. I heartily thank you, kind Sir, and if it were not too troublesome, I could wish you would fet me a few questions by way of exercise.

Philo. You do very well to ask me, Tyro; but it will be better at the end of Addition, where I shall give you fome useful Examples.

Tyrc.

SECTION VI.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

•P

RAY what is the ufe of this rule, or what is weighed by it?

Philo. Moft things that are commonly dealt in, fuch as Grocery-Wares, and alfo Cheefe, Butter, Sop,

Candles,

Candles, Allum, Brass, Iron, Copper, Salt, Hemp, and all fuch fort of goods.

Tyro. What are the different names or denominations of the weights used in this rule.

Philo. The greatest denomination is a Ton, and the leaft a Dram. They run thus in order, Tons, Hundreds, Quarters, Pounds, Ounces, and Drams; of which is compofed the following table, with the characters that ftand for each denomination after them.

Tyro. Should I get this table by heart?

02.

lb.

gr.

Ct.

T.

Philo. You may do as you please: I know some Mafters call it unneceffary; but if you take my advice, learn every table perfectly. 'Tis true you may do the fums without, if you have the table before you, but it would be a very bad thing to make an excufe, by faying, you could do fuch a fum if you knew the rule by heart, and I have known many a lad lament the omiffion.

Tyro. I don't doubt it at all, and I will take your advice: please to tell me how you caft up those fums.

Philo. The fame as in Addition of Money, only you ftop (as is plain by your table) by different figures; and for your further information, I fhall put over every row and denomination, the quantity you are to ftop at, or do by, and shall give you one example at large as a ftanding rule for all that follows.

I begin at the lbs. and fay 14 and 7 is 21, and the I on the left-hand (which is always called 10) is 31; that is, 3 above 28; therefore, I make a dot against the 7, and carry the odd 3 forward; faying, 3 that I carry and 5 is 8, and 10 on the left of it is 18, and 7 is 25 and 10 on the left is 35, that is 7 above 28; then I dot again and carry 7 to the next figure, faying, 7 and I is 8, and the 2 on the left-hand, which ftands for 20, is 28; therefore as there is nothing over, I only fay 16 and 5 is 21, and 10 is 31, that is 3 above 28, which 3 I place under the row of pounds, and then telling my dots, I find them 4 (that is 4 qrs.) which I carry to the next row of qrs. faying 4 and 3 is 7, and is 8, and 2 is 10, and 1 is 11, and 3 is 14, and z is 16, and 1 is 17 quarters. Now as 4 quarters make an hundred, I afk how many fours I can have in 17, and find 4 fours, and I over, that is, 4 hundred, i quarter, which 1 I place under the row of quarters, and carry the 4 to the hundreds, which I caft up by twenty, the fame as in Addition of Money, faying, 4 that I carry and 7 is 11, and is 16, and 7 is 23, and 4 is 27, and 7 is 34, and I is 35, and 4 is 39; then I come back with the tens, faying, 39 and 10 is and 10 is 59, and fo on, 69, 79, 89, 99, and 10 is 109, which is 5 twenties, and

49,

9 over; that is, 5 tons, and 9 hundred over, which 9 I place under the hundreds, and carry 5 to the first row of the tons, and cafting them up as whole numbers by tens, 1 find the first row 48, that is, 8, and I carry 4 to the next row, which amounts to 19. Therefore the total is 198 Tons, 9 C. 1 gr. 3 lb.

This is a ftanding rule, Tyro, of all your other fums in Addition, which are caft up after the very fame manner: thofe that you find done are for your information and fatisfaction; and fuch as are left undone are for your practice. Are you satisfied with what I have told you?

Tyyo. Sir, I am; but in Example 2, I perceive you fet 10 over the Hundreds place, contrary to the table; whereas in Example 1, you have fet 20 over the Hundreds place, which I own puzzles me at present.

Philo. That is for want of a little confideration, Tyro: for whatever name or denomination ftands firft (that is, whatever you add up laft) is always added up. like Whole Numbers, by tens; be they tons, hundreds, pounds, fhillings, yards, ells, or any thing elfe, as you will fee hereafter.

Tyro. I am obliged to you, Sir, and defire no further inftruction in Addition, but only the rules and examples to go by.

Philo. You fhall not want for either, and they are all done after the fame manner as this example before you, though by different figures: and pray take Notice, all thofe Examples that you find ready done, are not to indulge you in idleness; but the answers are inferted for your information and fatisfaction; and those that are left undone are for your exercise, practice, and improvement; and though I told you in Addition of Money, it is not customary to use cyphers; yet if you chufe it, take your own way; but you will find it better to leave them out, when there is no occasion to use them.