Note 2. The common inftrument used in measuring land is an iron chain, containing 100 links, which is 4 rods, or 22 yards in length; therefore 10 chains in length and one in breadth, make an acre, and 80 chains in length only make a mile, or 1760 yards.

SQUARE MEASURE.

Tyro. What do you mean by Square Measure?

Philo. You are not to expect, Tyro, as yet, to know the nature of it; it is fufficient at prefent, that you only know this, that Long Measure fhews you only the lengthor breadth of any thing; but Square Meafure tells you the contents of any thing, which you can have no notion of till you have learnt Divifion; but it will not be amifs to learn the following table by heart (at your Leifure) that you may be the better able to understand. it by and by.

16 Square Quarters

144 Square Inches

9 Square Feet

30 Square Yds. 1 Qr. or

272 Square Feet 1 Quarter S

160 Square Rods

Note, One example with yards and feet only will.

be fufficient at prefent..

Tyro. What is Time, and how is it divided?

Philo. Time fhews us the beginning, mutation, (or changing,) continuation, and ending of all mutable things. It is measured by Years, Months, Days, Hours,. Minutes, and Seconds, and divided as follows, which will serve all common purposes.

Note 1. Though the table fays 13 months, or 365 days, make a year, yet it is not truly fo; for 13 months (allowing 4 weeks to the month) is but 364 days: whereas 13 months, 1 day, 6 hours make a year; for thefe odd hours make 24 hours, or 1 day, every forth year, which is added to February, which has then 29 days, and is called Leap Year: but a true year is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and is called a Solar Year, being the time that the fun performs its apparent revolution through the Ecliptic; but you must not buly yourself, and lofe your time about these things, which are too hard for you to understand at present.

Note 2. Though 13 months are faid to make a year, and fervants commonly reckon a month 28 days: yet you are to obferve, that in trade, and tranfa&ting bufinefs, by a month is meant a Calendar Month, that is, from any day of the month to the fame day of the next month: thus from the 5th of February to the 5th of March, or from the 18th of April to the 18th of May is a month.

Note 3. In Example 2, you must point or dot at every row but the last.

And now, Tyro, I think you may by this Time be perfect in Addition, I fhall only fet you a few questions, and proceed to Subtraction.

SECTION. VI.

Containing fome other useful Things, necessary to be known in Number, Weight, and Measure.

Note r. Of Things bought and fold by the Dozen, Score, or Grofs.

A

Dozen is 12. A Score is 20. A common Hundred is 100. A long Hundred is 120. A Gross is 12 Dozen, or 144; and a Great Grofs is 12 times as many, or 1728. Oranges, and Lemons, Corks, Bungs, and many other things, are bought and fold by the Dozen, or Grofs. Herrings, and feveral other fort of fish: and all forts of Nails, and many fuch finall things, have fix fcore, or 120, to the hundred; but a hundred of Ling Cod is 124 in number; and a hundred books in printing is 104.

Note

Note 2. Of PARCHMENT and PAPER.

I dozen is 12 fkins; 5 dozen 1 roll of Parchment ; 24 and fometimes 25 fheets make a quire of Paper, zo quires i ream, and 10 ream 1 bale.

Note 3, Of the different Sizes of Books.

Folio is the largest of all books, and has but 2 leaves to the sheet. Quarto (marked 4to.) has 4 leaves to a fheet. Octavo, (or 8vo.) is a fheet doubled into 8 parts; and Duodecimo, commonly called Twelves, and marked 12me.) has 12 leaves to the sheet.

Note 4 Of WEIGHT, MEASURE, &c.

A

A Faggot of fteel 6 fcore, or 112 lb. A Burthen or Gad of fteel 9 fcore. A Barrel of anchovies from 18 to 30lb. A Barrel of figs from 98 to 300lb. A Barrel of gunpowder 1 Cut. A Puncheon of prunes from 10 to 12 Cut. A Ton, or Fother, of leas 19 Cwt. 2 grs. A Quintal of fifh 100 in tale. A Stone of iron, fhot, or horfeman's weight 1416. A Stone of meal 8 16. A Stone of hemp 32 lb. A Stone of glafs 5 lb. A Seam of glass 24 Stone, or 120 lb. A Keg of herrings, &c. 60 in number, an Hundred is 120. A Cade of fprats 1000. A Cade of herrings 500. A Barrel 1000. Laft is 12 Barrels, or 12,000, A Laft of corn, or rape feed 10 grs. A Laft of gunpowder 24 barrels. A Laft of leather 20 dickers. A Dicker 20 skins. A Laft of hides 12 dozen; of tar 14 barrels; of wool 12 facks; of flax, or feathers 1700lb. A Wey in fome places is 5 chaldron. A Wey of meal 6 grs. A Gallon of train oil 7 lb. A Tun 252 gallons. A Tun of fweet oil 236 gallons. A Load of hay in fome places is 25, in others 30 Cat. In London it is fold in Truffes, containing 6, or 60lb. a trufs, and 36 truffes to the load. A

Load of Scotch coals 1 Cwt. A Load of tiles 1000.

Of

Of bricks 500. Bricks in general are 9 inches long, 4 inches broad, and 2 thick. A Square of tiling or 1⁄2 thatching contains 10 feet every way, that is, 100 feet, and a rod of brick-work 272 feet, 1 quarter; but 272 is reckoned for common work. A Stack of wood is 3 feet high, 3 feet wide, and 12 feet long; but this is according to the agreement of the mafter and the workmen.

Tyro. I am extremely obliged to you, Sir, but pray am I bound to get these things by heart before I learn Subtraction ?

Philo. Not at all, Tyro: learn the rules and the common tables are fufficient. The others I have only added for your further inftruction: they are not set you for a task, but for diverfion; and if you now and then read them over, you will foon find the benefit of thus improving your mind; fince it will naturally gain you the goodwill of your parents, your mafter, and mankind in general, rather than fquandering away your time in idlenefs and mifchief, befides the difgrace of living and dying a dunce.

SECTION VII.

Contains fome ufeful and diverting Questions to exercise the Learner in Addition only.

Queft. 1.

A

Man borrowed of his friend a certain sum of money, and paid him in part 15. 10s. and left unpaid 247. 10s. What did he borrow? Anf. 40%.

Rule. Add the two fums together gives you the Answer.

2. Suppose a person was born in 1709, when will he be four score years old. Anf. In 1789.

Rule. Add as many to 1709 as will make it 1789 is the anfwer.