35. How many cents and mills in & of a dollar?

FORM.-1. Since in $1 there are 10000 tenths of a mill, in 1 seventh of a dollar there is of 10000 tenths, which is 1428 tenths.

2. Since in one seventh of a dollar there are 1428 tenths, in 3 sevenths there is 8 times 1428 tenths, which is 4284 tenths, equal to $.428; hence 8 sevenths of a dollar equals $.428.

36. How many tenths in & of a dollar?

37. How many tenths in $3 ?

38. How many tenths in $4 ? 39. How many tenths in $43?

Ans. 44284 tenths.

40. A drover paid $413 for 360 sheep; for how much each must he sell them so as to neither make nor lose?

41. A merchant bought a piece of goods containing 103 yards: he paid $2413; he wishes to sell it so as to make $52.50; what should be his price per yard?

42. If I pay $4.50 a ton for coal, how many tons can I buy for $67.50 ?

MODEL OPERATION.

Cost per ton $4.50) $67.50

Amount to spend.

15

No. of tons bought.

FORM.-1. In $67.50 there are 6750 cents; in $4.50 there are 450 cents.

2. Since 1 ton of coal costs 450 cents, I can buy as many tons for 6750 cents as 450 cents are contained times in 6750 cents, which is 15 times; therefore I can buy 15 tons for $67.50.

N. B.-The dividend and divisor must always be reduced to the lowest denomination mentioned in either; thus, if the divisor contain only dollars, and the dividend contain mills, the divisor must be changed to mills.

43. If 30 tons of hay cost $5.80, what will 1 ton cost? What will 3 tons cost at the same rate? What will 836 tons cost?

44. Mr. Berry pays $120 for his winter's wood; how many cords does he buy at $4 per cord?

45. A man left an estate of $415 to be divided equally among his four children after his wife had taken her third; what did each child receive?

of

46. A dealer bought 3142 bushels of wheat, 4132 bushels corn, and 1371 bushels of oats; he sold 2141 bushels of corn, 3017 bushels of wheat, and 913 bushels of oats; how many bushels of each had he left ?

47. A man bought a farm for $7138.64; and paid for it in four yearly equal payments; how much did he pay each year?

UNITED STATES MONEY.

63. United States, or Federal Money is a decimal currency.

(a.) TABLE.

64. Coins.*—(a.) The Gold coins are the double eagle, eagle, half eagle, quarter eagle, three-dollar piece, and dollar.

*NOTES.-1. Gold coins contain 9 parts gold and 1 part of an alloy of silver and

copper.

2. Silver coins contain 9 parts silver and 1 part copper, except the three-cent piece, which is 3 parts silver and 1 part copper.

3. The two-cent and cent pieces are made of nickel and copper.

4. The nickel cent contains 88 parts copper and 12 parts nickel.

5. The fifty-dollar piece is not a legal coin. The copper half-cent is no longer coined. The mill is not a coin.

(b.) The Silver coins are the dollar, half-dollar, quar ter dollar, dime, half-dime, and three-cent piece.

(c.) The Nickel coins are the cent, the new three-cent, and new five-cent pieces.

(d.) The Copper coins are the cent, and two-cent piece. 65. The Decimal Point (.) is used to separate dollars from cents and mills; thus, $46.873 equals 46 dollars 87 cents and 3 mills.

(a.) NOTES.-1. Since the places in Federal Money increase from right to left in a ten-fold ratio like simple numbers, it may be added, subtracted, multipiiod, and divided, according to the same rules.

2. Eagles are read as tens of dollars, and dimes as tens of cents; thus, 4 eagles 9 dollars 5 dimes 6 cents and three mills are read 49 dollars 56 cents and three mills.

3. The term dollar is supposed to be derived from the German "thaler,” pronounced tah-ler.

4. The term dime means ten, cent a hundred, and mill a thousand.

5. The origin of the dollar-mark is uncertain; some think it the combination of U. S., others that it is an imitation of the pillars and scroll on the "pillar-dollar."

REDUCTION.

66. Reduction of U. S. Money is changing a number of one of its denominations to that of another without altering the value.

MODEL OPERATION.

100 ct. X 75 = 7500 cents.

FORM.-Since there are 100 cents in 1 dollar, in 75 dollars there are 75 times 100 cents, which is 7500 cents; therefore there are 7500 cents in 75 dollars. (a.) Rule.-I. To reduce dollars to cents multiply by 100; that is, annex TWO ciphers.

II. To reduce dollars to mills, annex THREE ciphers.

III. To reduce cents to mills, annex one cipher.

NOTE. To reduce dollars and cents to cents; dollars, cents, and mills to mills, remove the decimal point and the dollar sign. In practice it is sometimes necessary to reduce the mill to tenths of a mill. To reduce dollars to tenths, annex four ciphers.

How many dollars in 3746 cents?

MODEL OPERATION.

i.

FORM.-Since in 100 cents there is 1 dollar, in 3746 cents there are as many dollars as 100 cents are contained times in 3746 cents, which is 37 with a remainder of 46 cents. Therefore in 3746 cents there are $37.46.

(b.) Rule.-I. To reduce cents to dollars, divide by 100; that is, point off TWO figures from the right.

II. To reduce mills to dollars, point off THREE figures.

III. To reduce mills to cents, point off ONE figure.

NOTE.-For the operations and formulas of U. S. money, see Simple Rules.

BILLS.

71. A Bill or Invoice of goods is a written statement of the goods purchased, given by the seller to the buyer. (a.) The Debtor is the party who owes.

(6.) The Creditor is the party who is owed.

(c.) An Account is a bill which contains both debit and credit items.

(d.) When a bill amounting to $20 or more is receipted, a U. S. revenue stamp must be put on it and cancelled. NEW YORK, July 1, 1866.

SCHERMERHORN, BANCROFT & Co.,

TO CHAS. SCRIBNER & CO.,

DR.

When a clerk or agent receipts a bill, he writes the signature of the firm, and attaches his own as factor or agent.

SECTION VII.

COMPOUND DENOMINATE NUMBERS.

72. A Simple number is either abstract or denominate, and of but one denomination; as, 486, 7859 dollars, 337 mills.

73. A Compound Denominate number is a denominate number of two or more different denominations; as 8 furlongs 19 rods 4 yards; 15 days 6 hours 37 minutes.

74. The Reduction of Compound Denominate numbers is the process of changing the number from one denomination to that of another, without altering its value.

75. Reduction Descending is the process of changing a number from one denomination to that of a less; as, pounds to farthings.

76. Reduction Ascending is the process of changing a number from one denomination to that of a greater; as farthings to pounds.

ENGLISH MONEY.

77. English or Sterling Money is the currency of Great Britain.

(a) TABLE.

78. Coins.-(a.) The Gold coins are the sovereign, (£ 1,) and the half-sovereign (10s.)

(b.) The Silver coins are the crown (5s.), the half crown (2s. 6d.), the florin (2s.), the shilling (12d.), sixpennypiece (6d.), and threepenny-piece (3d.),