A sheet folded in 2 leaves is called a folio.

10

48

NOTE.-A folio varies in different states and countries, and usually contains from 75 to 100 words.

(e.) PRINTING.

NOTE. In printing, 250 impressions, or 125 sheets printed on both sides, make a token.

102. ADDITION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS.

What is the sum of 36 bu. 2 pk. 6 qt. 1 pt., 25 bu. 1 pk. 2 pt., 18 bu. 3 pk. 7 qt. 1 pt., 9 bu. 2 qt. 1 pt. ?

(a.) Anal. Steps.-1. For convenience, write the denominations so that pints may stand in the column of pints, quarts in the column of quarts, pecks in the column of pecks, &c.

2. For convenience begin to add with the column of pints.

3. 1, 2, 4, 5; 5 pt. equal 2 quarts and 1 pint; write the 1 pint under the column of pints, and add the 2 quarts to the sum of the quarts.

4. 2, 9, 15, 17; 17 quarts are equal to 2 pk. and 1 quart; write the 1 quart under the column of quarts, and add the 2 pecks to the sum of the pecks.

5. 3, 4, 6, 8; 8 pecks are equal to 2 bushels and no pecks; add the 2 bush. els to the sum of the bushels.

6. 9, 27, 52, 88, 90; write the 90 bushels under the column of bushels. (b.) Concl.-Therefore, the sum of 36 bu. 2 pk. 6 qt. 1 pt., 25 bu. 1 pk. 2 pt., 18 bu. 3 pk. 7 qt. 1 pt., 9 bu. 2 qt. 1 pt., is 90 bu. 1 qt. 1 pt.

(c.) Rule.-Write a rule from the formula.

(d.) Proof. The same as in simple numbers.

103. SUBTRACTION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS.

PROB. From 24 lb. 6 oz. 5 pwt. 12 gr. take 14 lb. 9 oz, 10 pwt. 7 gr.

MODEL OPERATION.

(a) Anal. Steps.-1. For convenience, write the subtrahend under the minuend, so that grains may stand under grains, penny weights under pennyweights, ounces under ounces, &c.

2. For convenience, begin with the lowest denomination to subtract.

3. 7 gr. from 12 gr. leave 5 gr.; write the 5 gr. under the column of grains. 4. As 10 pwt. cannot be subtracted from 5 pwt., take 1 oz. from 6 oz.; 1 oz. is equal to 20 pwt., which added to 5 pwt. make 25 pwt.; then 10 pwt. taken from 25 pwt. leave 15 pwt., which is written under the column of pwt.

5. As 9 oz. cannot be taken from 5 oz.; take 1 lb. from 24 lb.; 1 lb. is equal to 12 oz., which added to 5 oz. make 17 oz.; then 9 oz. taken from 17 oz. leave 8 oz., which is written under the column of ounces.

6. 14 lb. taken from 23 lb. leave 9 lb., which is written under the column of pounds.

Concl.-Therefore, 14 lb. 9 oz. 10 pwt. 7 gr. taken from 24 lb. 6 oz. 5 pwt. 12 gr. leave 9 lb. 8 oz. 15 pwt. 5 gr.

(b.) Rule.-Write a rule from the formula.

(c.) Proof-Prove as in simple subtraction.

104. MULTIPLICATION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS.

If 1 acre of land cost £14 5s. 8d. 2 far., what will 9 acres cost?

MODEL OPERATION.

£14 5s. 8d. 2 far.

9

£128 11s. 4d. 2 far..

FORMULA.-If 1 acre cost £14 5s. 8d. 2 far., 9 acres will cost 9 times £14 5s. 8d. 2 far.

(a.) Anal. Steps.-1. 9 times 2 far. are 18 far., equal to 4 pence and 2 farthings; write the farthings in the place of farthings, and add the 4 pence to the product of pence.

2. 9 times 8d. are 72d., which with 4d. added make 76d.; 76d. equals 6s. 4d.; write the 4d. in the place of pence, and add the 6s. to the product of the shillings.

3. 9 times 5s. are 45s., which with 6s. added make 51s.; 51s. equal £2 and 11s.; write the 11s. in the place of shillings, and add the £2 to the product of pounds.

4. 9 times £14 are £126, and £2 more make £128, to be written in the place of pounds.

Conclusion.-Therefore if 1 acre of land cost £14 5s. 8d. 2 far., 9 acres will cost £128 11s. 4d. 2 far.

(6.) Rule.—I. Write a rule from the formula.

(c.) Proof.-Prove as in simple numbers.

105. DIVISION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS.

If 5 acres of land produce 102 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. of wheat, how much will 1 acre produce?

FORM.-1. If 5 acres of land produce 102 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. of wheat,

will produce one-fifth of 102 bu, 8 pk. 1 qt.

(a). Anal. Steps.-1.

of 102 bushels is 20 bushels, with a remainder of 2 bushels equal to 8 pecks; write the 20 bushels in the place of bushels, and add the 8 pecks to the pecks.

2. 8 pecks and 3 pecks are 11 pecks, and of 11 pecks is 2 pecks, with a remainder of 1 peck, equal to 8 qt.; write the 2 pecks in the place of pecks, and add the 8 qt. to the quarts.

3. 8 qt. and 1 qt. are 9 qt., and of qt. is 1 qt., with a remainder of 4 qt. equal to 8 pints; write the 1 qt. in the place of quarts, and add the pints to the pints.

4. of 8 pints is 13 pt., to be written in the place of pints.

Conclusion. Therefore one-fifth of 102 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. is 20 bu. 2 pk. 1 qt. 13 pt.

(b.) Rule.-1. Write a rule from the formula.

(c.) Proof.-Prove as in simple numbers.

TEST PROBLEMS FOR REVIEW.

Problem.-What will 3 bu. 3 pk. 7 qt. 1 pt. clover seed

FORMULA.-If 1 bushel costs 5370 mills, 3 bushels will cost 3 times 5370 mills, which is 16110 mills equal to $16.110.

3. Find the cost of 3 pecks.

FORM.-If 4 pecks or 1 bushel costs 5370 mills, 1 peck will cost 1 fourth of 5370 mills, which are 1343 mills,† and 3 pecks will cost 3 times 1343 mills, which are 4029 mills, equal to $4.029.

4. Find the cost of 1 quart and then of 7 quarts,

5. Find the cost of 1 pint.

6. Find the cost of 3 bu. 3 pk. 7 qt. 1 pt.

*Where great accuracy is required, change the cost to tenths of a mill.

t When the remainder is less than a half mill, reject it; if it equals or exceeds a half-mill, add one to the mills,

23. $3 are how many times 50 ct.? 24. $9 are how many times 40 m.? 25. $3.80 are how many times 5 m. ? 26. $8.82 are how many times $.882? 27. $401 are how many times $.401 ? 28. $20.2 are how many times $.202? 57. 29. $4.04 x 3÷3=what?

30. $30÷80 × 36=what?
31. $27137 × 24=what?

32. $3.07÷41 x 35=what?
33. $34÷4x8-$33.80=what?