dience and wrath, are, upon their union with Christ graciously taken by God into the invisible church; and have spiritual communion and intimacy with Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and with angels and fellow-saints; and are loved, taught, governed, corrected, protected, helped and provided for; and are entitled to his promises, salvation, glory, and fulness, as their everlasting inheritance. This adoption the saints have received; and of it, the Holy Ghost dwelling in them as a Spirit of grace and supplication, and their holy conversation, are the undoubted evidence, Rom. viii. 15,

and Ai, and that the Gibeonites | (3.) Spiritual, in which sinful men, had submitted to Israel, he entered by nature children of Satan, disobe. into an alliance with Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, to attack and punish the Gibeonites; and so deter others from submission to the Hebrew invadors. The Gibeonites begged the protection of Israel, and quickly obtained it. Joshua encountered the allied troops of the five Canaanitish kings, and easily routed them: Hailstones of a prodigious weight killed vast numbers of the flying remains, even more than were slain by the sword. The sun stood still a whole day, till Joshua entirely cut off these desperate opposers of Heaven. The five kings hid themselves in a cave-17 Gal. iv. 6. Jer. iii. 19. John near Makkedah. Its mouth was stopped with large stones till the Hebrews had leisure to execute them. In the afternoon Joshua, returning from the pursuit, caused bring them out. After making his principal officers trample on their necks, he slew and hanged them on five trees: At the setting of the sun, he ordered their carcases to be thrown into the cave where they had lain hid. Quickly after, the cities belonging to them, Jerusalem excepted, were taken, and the inha- | not. (2.) ADORAM or HADORAM, bitants slain, Josh. x.

ADOPTION, is either, (1.) Natural, whereby one takes a stranger into his family, and deals with him as his own child: thus the daughter of Pharaoh adopted Moses; and Mordecai, Esther. In this sense the word is never used in scripture. (2.) National, whereby God takes a whole people to be his peculiar and visible church, exercises his special care and government over them, and bestows a multitude of ordinances, and other privileges on them. This adoption, for 1500 years, pertained to the Jews; they being the only visible church of God on earth, Rom. ix. 4.

i. 12. (4.) Glorious, in which the saints, being raised from the dead, are at the last day solemnly owned to be the children of God, and have the blissful inheritance publicly adjudged to them, and enter, soul and body, into the full possession of it. This the saints now wait for, Rom. viii. 23.

ADORAM, (1.) King Davi d general receiver of the tribute, 2 Sam. xx. 24 Whether he was the same with ADONIRAM, we know

His

king REHOBOм's chief treasurer
and overseer of his works.
master sent him to deal with the
ten revolting tribes, to reduce them
to their allegiance. Suspecting him
to have been the encourager of their
oppressive taxes, or from fury at
his master, they stoned him to death
on the spot, 1 Kings xii. 18. 2Chron.

x. 18.

ADORN, to deck; make beautiful, 1 Tim. ii. 9. Holiness of nature and practice are an adorning. Much care, pains, and attention to the glass of God's word, are necessary in attaining it; and it renders our nature and character truly amiable and glorious, 1 Pet. iii. 4, 5.

ADRAMMELECH and ANAMMELECH were two idols of the men of Sepharvaim. In the Hebrew language, and probably in the Assyrian, the first signified magnificent king, and the last gentle king. In the Persian, the first signifies king of flocks; and the last in the Arabic signifies much the same. Possibly both were worshipped as the preservers of cattle. The Jewish Rabbins tell us, that the first was represented as a mule or peacock; and the second as a pheasant, quail, or horse. It is more probable the first represented the sun, and the other the moon, which many of the Heathens took to be the great rulers of the world, 2 Kings xvii. 31.

lemy and Strabo it appears, that the whole sea adjacent to the isle of Sicily, and even the Ionian or Tuscan sea on the south-west of Italy, was anciently called Adria. Somewhere in this sea, the ship that transported Paul to Rome, was terribly tossed, Acts xxvii. 27.

ADRAMYTTIUM. (1.) A city on the north coast of Africa, westward of Egypt. (2.) A city on the west coast of Mysia in Lesser Asia, over against the isle of Lesbos. It was in a ship belonging to this place that Paul sailed from Cesarea, to Myra, Acts xxvii. 2.

To ADVANCE, to raise to a higher station or rank, 1 Sam. xii. 6.

ADVANTAGE. (1.) Profit, gain, Job xxxv. 3. (2.) A fair opportunity to prevail over one; or actual prevalence over him, 2 Cor. ii. 11.

ADVENTURE, to do a thing by exposing one's self to danger, Judg. ix. 25.

ADVERSARY, one who justly or unjustly sets himself in opposition to another; so Peninnah is called the adversary of Hannah, 1 Sam. i. 6. The adversary to be agreed with in the way is not only human opposers, to whom we ought quickly to be reconciled, but chiefly God, with whom we ought to make peace, by receiving his Son, while we are in the way to eternity, lest by death and judgment he suddenly cast us into

ADRAMMELECH and SHAREZER were sons of SENNACHERIB. It is possible the former had been named after the above mentioned idol. Dreading their father's intention to sacrifice them, or conceiving some furious prejudice against him, they murdered him as he wor-hell-fire, Matth. v. 25. Luke xii. 58, shipped Nisroch his idol, and then filed to the country of Armenia, Isa. xxxvii. 38. 2 Kings xix. 37.

ADRIA. At present the Adria, or Adriatic sea, comprehends only that sea on the east of Italy, and which is otherwise called the Gulf of Venice; and seems to have taken its name from Adria, an ancient city, which stood somewhere in the territory of Venice, on the north-east of Italy: But from Pto

59. Satan is emphatically called the adversary. With the most obstinate and implacable malice, he sets himself to defame and dishonour God; to reproach, accuse, and harass the saints; and to ruin the souls and bodies of men, 1 Pet. v. 8.

ADVERSITY, distress and trouble, spiritual or temporal, which withstands and checks our attempts; and like a furious wind blows in our face, Psal. x. 6.

Bilhah is the first act of adultery we
read of. Among the Heathens it
was long held an horrible crime, Gen.
xx. 9. For about 500 years, we
read of few or no instances of it in
the Roman state.
Nor does it ap-
pear to have been common till the
poets represented their gods as mon-
sters of lust.

God appointed for the Jews a me

ADULLAM, a most beautiful city; and hence called the glory of Israel. Some will have it to have been situated in the south-east of the territory of Judah, near the Dead sea; but it rather appears to have stood in the plain, south-west of Jerusa-thod of discovering it, however selem, near Jarmuth and Azekah. cret. When a man suspected his Josh. xv. 35. It had anciently a wife's fidelity, he warned her to king of its own, whom Joshua killed, avoid private intercourse with the chap. xii. 15. Near to it, David suspected paramour: if she obeyed concealed himself from Saul in a not, she was brought before the cave; and hither his parents, and a judges of the place, and the prenumber of valiant men resorted to sumptions of her guilt declared. If him, 1 Sam. xxii. 1, 2, &c. Reho- she continued to assert her innoboam rebuilt and fortified it, 2 cence, she was tried by the water Chron. xi. 7, 8. Sennacherib's of jealousy. She was carried to army took and plundered it under the place of the tabernacle and temHezekiah, Micah i. 15. Judas ple, and examined before the great Maccabeus and his army solemnly council or sanhedrim. If she perobserved the Sabbath in the plain sisted in her denial, she was brought adjacent to it. It was a place of to the east gate of the outer court, some note about 400 years after and before vast numbers of her own Christ; but is long ago reduced to sex, dressed all in black, the priest solemnly adjured her to declare the truth; and represented her danger in drinking the water of jealousy if she was guilty. She said AMEN; importing a solemn wish, that vengeance might light on her if guilty. The priest wrote the adjuration and curse on a piece of parchment or bark: he then filled a new earthen vessel with holy water from one of the sacred basons, or perhaps with the water of purification: he mingled therewith some dust, taken from the pavement of the tabernacle or temple; and having read the writing to the woman, and received the return of her second AMEN, he washed out the ink, wherewith the adjuration aud curse were written, into the mixture of dust and water : meanwhile, another priest tore the upper part of her clothes, uncovered her head, dishevelled her hair. girt her half torn garments below

ruins.

ADULTERER and ADULTERESS. (1.) Such men and women as commit fleshly impurity, Psal. 1. 18. (2.) Such as indulge an excessive love for the things of this world, Jam. iv. 4.

ADULTERY is either natural, which, largely taken, comprehends all manner of unchastity in heart, speech, and behaviour, whether for nication, incest, and all unnatural lusts, &c. Exod. xx. 14. But, strictly taken, it denotes uncleanness between a man and woman, one or both of whom are married to another person thus we must understand it, where death is constituted the penalty, and the persons were not nearly related, Lev. xx. 10. In case one of the persons was betrothed, the crime and punishment was the same as if married, Deut. xxii. 22,-27. Reuben's incest with

AFFINITY, a relation between persons and families constitute by AFTER, (1.) Behind, Job xxx. MARRIAGE. Solomon made affinity 5. (2.) Later in time; at the end with Pharaoh, by espousing his daugh- of, Gen. xxxviii. 24. (3.) Ac ter, 1 Kings iii. 1. Jehoshaphat join-cording to the direction and influed in affinity with Ahab, when he ence, Isa. xi. 3. Rom. viii. 1, 4, 13. took his sister Athaliah to be the To inquire after, go after, walk after, wife of his son Jehoram, 2 Chron. follow after, is to search, imitate, seek xviii. 1. for, serve, worship, Gen. xviii. 12. Exod. i. 11. Job x. 6. Deut. vi. 14. Hos. xi. 10.