Human Rights: A Political and Cultural CritiqueUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, 2002 - 252 σελίδες In 1948 the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and with it a profusion of norms, processes, and institutions to define, promote, and protect human rights. Today virtually every cause seeks to cloak itself in the righteous language of rights. But even so, this universal reliance on the rights idiom has not succeeded in creating common ground and deep agreement as to the scope, content, and philosophical bases for human rights. Makau Mutua argues that the human rights enterprise inappropriately presents itself as a guarantor of eternal truths without which human civilization is impossible. Mutua contends that in fact the human rights corpus, though well meaning, is a Eurocentric construct for the reconstitution of non-Western societies and peoples with a set of culturally biased norms and practices. Mutua maintains that if the human rights movement is to succeed, it must move away from Eurocentrism as a civilizing crusade and attack on non-European peoples. Only a genuine multicultural approach to human rights can make it truly universal. Indigenous, non-European traditions of Asia, Africa, the Pacific, and the Americas must be deployed to deconstruct--and to reconstruct--a universal bundle of rights that all human societies can claim as theirs. |
Περιεχόμενα
Human Rights as a Metaphor | 10 |
The Grand Narrative of Human Rights | 15 |
The Metaphor of the Savage | 22 |
The Metaphor of the Victim | 27 |
The Metaphor of the Savior | 31 |
Human Rights as an IdeoIogy | 38 |
Liberalism Democracy and Human Rights | 42 |
The Conventional Doctrinalists | 45 |
The African State Human Rights and Religion | 106 |
Identity Disorientation | 108 |
The Culture of Silence and Postcolonialism | 111 |
Counterpenetration as a Farce | 115 |
Benin Returns to Its Roots | 118 |
The Limits of Rights Discourse | 120 |
A Snapshot of Apartheid | 124 |
The Evolution of a Rights Approach | 126 |
The Conceptualize | 52 |
The Cultural Pluralists | 60 |
Political Strategists and Instrumentalists | 63 |
Human Rights and the African Fingerprint | 67 |
Human Rights in Precolonial Africa | 70 |
The Dialectic of Rights and Duties | 78 |
The DutyRights Conception | 80 |
Whither Africa? | 88 |
Human Rights Religion and Proselytism | 90 |
Demonizing the Other | 94 |
Proselytization in Africa | 96 |
The Legal Invisibility of Indigenous Religions | 99 |
Ideals Versus Realities | 102 |
The Moral Equivalency of Cultures | 105 |
The Compromise of the Interim Constitution | 128 |
The 1996 Constitution as a Normative Continuum | 131 |
The ANCs Gradualist Rights Approach | 134 |
Land Reform as a Central Plank of the Struggle | 136 |
Women in PostApartheid South Africa | 138 |
The Status and Orientation of PostApartheid Courts | 140 |
Humanizing the Instruments of Coercion | 143 |
Rights DiscourseNot a Panacea | 144 |
Conclusion | 148 |
Notes | 153 |
Index | 231 |
245 | |
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