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that this force is independent of the one hundred and fifty thousand men which the four great allied powers, England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, engaged respectively to furnish. There was afterwards entered into a convention of subsidies between Great Britain and Russia, by which the former engaged to pay the latter, under the head of additional subsidy, the sum of 416,6667.

"When, in the hour of peril, I summoned my people to arms, to combat for the freedom and independence of their country, the whole mass of the youth, glowing with emulation, thronged around my standards to bear with joyful self-denial unusual hardships, and heroically resolved to brave death itself. Then the best strength of the people intrepidly joined the ranks of my brave soldiers, and my generals led with me into battle a host Being now furnished with the sinews of war, the ex- of heroes, who have shewn themselves worthy of the ertions of the continental powers were very great. names of their ancestors, and heirs of their glory. Every road was thronged with soldiers proceeding by Thus we and our allies, attended by victory, conquered forced marches to the Sambre and the Rhine. One the capital of our inveterate foe. Our banners waved corps followed another in rapid succession, and it in Paris. Napoleon abandoned his authority. Liberty seemed as if the whole population of Europe had risen was restored to Germany, security to thrones, and to in arms to overwhelm the disturber of their repose. the world the hope of a durable peace. This hope has The congress was removed from Vienna to Frankfort, now vanished, and we must again march to the combat. on account of the contiguity of that city to the probable A perfidious conspiracy has brought back to France theatre of war. the man who, for ten successive years, inflicted on the On the 5th of April, the Emperor Alexander review-world indescribable misery. The people, confounded ed a numerous body of Russian troops, whom he ad- by his unexpected appearance, have been unable to dressed in the following terms:—

"Brave warriors! the honour and the glory of the great empire, with which Providence has intrusted me! your emperor comes once more to place himself at your head: he calls you a second time to the defence of humanity and the rights of Europe, which Napoleon, the vile and criminal artificer of fraud, has dared again to menace. Abusing our clemency, and violating those treaties which ensured to him a secure asylum, he has succeeded in frustrating the hopes of those nations who had forgotten his atrocious cruelties and his insatiable ambition. Let us hasten to join the invincible phalanxes of our allies, and deliver France from this scourge of the human race, who once more governs it contrary to the wishes of every reasonable and peaceable inhabitant of that country.

"Soldiers! the sacred league which at present unites all the people of Europe, and which ought to guarantee them from all oppression, we know how to defend, and we will defend it, if necessary, to the last drop of our blood.

"Alexander is among you. You will always see him choose the path of true honour, that which leads to the happiness of mankind. This will entitle him to your confidence and affection."

This address was received with universal shouts of "Long live Alexander the Great," and "Death to the Tyrant!"

oppose his armed adherents. Though he, while still at the head of a considerable armed force, declared his abdication to be a voluntary sacrifice to the happiness and repose of France, he now disregards this, like every other convention. He commands a horde of perjured soldiers who wish to render war eternal.

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Europe is again menaced. It cannot permit the man to remain on the throne of France, who loudly proclaimed universal empire to be the object of his continually renewed wars; who confounded all moral principles by his unceasing breach of faith, and who can therefore give the world no security for his peaceable intentions.

"Again, therefore, arise to the combat. France itself requires our aid, and all Europe is allied with us. United with your ancient companions in victory, and reinforced by the accession of new brethren in arms, you go, brave Prussians! to a just war, with me, with the princes of my family, and with the generals who have always led you to conquest.

"The justice of the cause which we defend will ensure our success. Arise, then, with God for your support, for the repose of the world, for morality, for your king and your country."

The King of France, in the mean time, proceeded to Abbeville, where he arrived, on the 20th of March, without any military escort. Here he designed to wait for the household troops which followed, commanded by Marshal Macdonald. The dignity and serenity of bis countenance, disarmed the rancour of the Buona

The following proclamation of the King of Prussia partists, and the inhabitants received him with acclais also worthy of the reader's attention

matións Louis attempted to address them from the

window of his apartment, but his feelings were so completely overpowered, that he was unable to speak: be therefore pressed his hand on his heart in silence, bowed, and retired.

The military who lined the streets maintained a sullen silence. Respect for the virtues of the monarch restrained them from insulting him in his misfortunes; but they had no sooner returned to their barracks than they enthusiastically shouted, "Vive L'Empereur!" The king was much fatigued; but, before he could take any repose, Macdonald appeared and intreated him to resume his journey without delay; as, from what he had seen of the disposition of the garrison, the most unpleasant consequences might ensue, should the household troops arrive before he quitted the town. The king, therefore, immediately set out, though oppressed by much mental and bodily anguish.

About noon, on the 22d, he arrived at Lisle, where he had resolved to collect around him all who were attached to his cause, and await the result of the invader's attempt. But, though a considerable number of the inhabitants welcomed him with enthusiasm, the garrison, which consisted of several regiments, preserved an obstinate silence. The king wished to address them, and endeavour to recall them to the allegiance which they owed their legitimate prince, but he was intreated not to expose himself to unnecessary insult. He then proposed that they should be dismissed from Lisle, and permitted to march and join Napoleon, but Marshal Mortier assured him that this would be the signal for revolt, and might probably occasion some outrageous attempt against his person.

This officer seems to have been deceived in the character of the garrison, and had acted with great imprudence; as it was only a few days before that he had ordered these regiments to return to Lisle, whence they had been recently removed.

Had it not been for this unfortunate measure, Louis might have found a temporary asylum on the French territory; as the national guards, the household troops, and the patriotic inhabitants, would have afforded him effectual security.

In the course of the day, his majesty received the declaration of the congress at Vienna; which was immediately placarded on the walls, and distributed among the soldiers, that they might perceive the inevitable calamities which their defection would bring on their country. This, however, instead of alarming the troops, or disposing them to return to their duty, fired them with indignation, and induced them to form the desperate resolution of seizing on the person of the king, and carrying him prisoner to the camp of Buonaparte.

Intelligence now arrived that the Duke of Berri was approaching with the household troops and two Swiss regiments. The garrison, on hearing this, assembled tumultuously, and seemed ready to execute their daring purpose; when Mortier hastened to his majesty, and urged his immediate departure. Accordingly, Louis set out for Ostend; and Mortier, having accompanied him to the gates, returned with the Duke of Orleans to restrain the violence of the troops. He found them enraged at being disappointed of their prey. They fiercely attacked the Duke of Orleans, and it was with the greatest difficulty that Mortier rescued him from their sanguinary fury.

In their journey towards Lisle, the household troops passed through Abbeville, where the Duke of Berri exposed himself to the most imminent danger by his impetuosity. A regiment of chasseurs was in garrison in the city. As the duke rode along the ranks, and attempted to recall the soldiers to the loyalty which they owed their lawful sovereign, he was exasperated at the obstinacy with which they continued to shout "Vive L'Empereur!" and actually struck one of the officers who uttered this seditious acclamation. The officer immediately quitted the ranks and drew his sword upon him; but the other officers threw themselves between, and rescued the duke from his attack. The royal party then deemed it advisable to resume their march without delay.

On their arrival in the vicinity of Lisle, they received intelligence of the king's departure, and resolved not to enter the town, but to direct their course towards the frontiers. Many of them, however, being unable to support the fatigue of the march, were dismissed at Bethune; and those who reached the frontiers declared to the officers who were desirous to lead them further, that they were Frenchmen ;—that they had sufficiently fulfilled their duty to their king;-that their dearest interests were now at stake, and that no consideration should induce them to pass the frontiers.

On the 24th, the king arrived at Ostend completely exhausted by anxiety, fatigue, and pain. The following day he publicly attended mass, but his countenance expressed bodily illness and mental depression. At the close of the service, the congregation waited till his majesty rose to quit the church, and, as he passed along the aisles, many rendered him the homage of their tears.

The Duke of Bourbon, in the mean time, hastened to La Vendée, to endeavour to rouse the affections of the friends of royalty in that district. The inhabitants were disposed to second his views, but he had to contend with the vigilant administration of Buonaparte. On his arrival at Beaupriere, he convened the inhabi

the invaders. The officers of the troops of the line also asserted, that they could answer with their lives for the garrison of Bourdeaux and the adjacent forts.

tants, and, powerfully appealing to their feelings, induced them to sanction a proclamation requiring every man from eighteen to fifty years of age to arm in the royal cause. A considerable number immediately When it was announced that the Corsican had adflocked to his standard, but unfortunately they were vanced to Lyons without opposition, the zeal of the naboth unarmed and undisciplined, and, before they could tional guards and volunteers appeared to increase; but be rendered effective, the troops of the Corsican ad-only a few hundreds could be regularly embodied, in vanced against them. consequence of an unfortunate deficiency of arms and Napoleon's general, however, wishing to avoid as ammunition. The loyalty of the troops of the line bemuch as possible an appeal to arms, despatched a he-gan to waver, as the progress of Napoleon was made rald to the duke, to remonstrate with him on the in- known, and some of the barracks already resounded utility of opposing his undisciplined levies against the with cries of sedition. The officers, however, daily wait veteran troops which were marching against them, ed on the duchess, and renewed their assurances of and to offer an amnesty to his followers, and passports fidelity; but she remarked that the commandant of the for himself and all who chose to accompany him, if he fort of Blaye, an out-post of considerable importance, chose to retire. After mature deliberation, the duke had not called upon her during some days. Orders was convinced that any resistance which he could offer were sent to require his attendance; but two days would be in vain; and, having received a safe conduct elapsed without his appearing. A general was then for himself and about forty of his officers, he proceed- despatched to examine the state of the fortress, and ed to Nantes, where he embarked. report the disposition of the troops by whom it was garrisoned. He returned, and stated, that the place was in an excellent state of defence. "But why," enquired the princess, "did he not obey the orders which were transmitted to him several days ago?" "He did not answer me on that point," replied the general, "but he will be here to-morrow."

It has been already stated, in a preceding chapter, that the inhabitants of the maritime towns in France had suffered severely by the protracted wars of the revolution. Their population had been thinned; their commerce had been almost annihilated, and they were driven to a state bordering on despair. They therefore welcomed the return of the Bourbons with unfeigned joy, and, at Bourdeaux in particular, they had testified the most unequivocal attachment to their legitimate prince.

The next day he appeared, and offered a slight apology for his apparent disobedience; and, on being required to renew his oath of allegiance, he muttered some indistinct sounds, with which the duchess thought it prudent to appear satisfied. She, however, proposed to the governor of Bourdeaux that the present command

On the 2d of March, the Duke and Duchess of Angouleme arrived at Bourdeaux, where they were received with acclamations of joy, and with the benedic-ant of Irt Blaye should be removed, and that he and tions of an immense multitude which had assembled from the adjacent towns and villages.

On the 5th, the merchants of the city gave a grand fête, at which the duke and duchess were present; but, in the midst of the festivities, a courier arrived with despatches announcing the landing of Buonaparte. Unwilling to damp the public joy, his royal highness concealed the purport of the letters; and, at midnight, set out for the south, where he imagined his presence might be necessary.

The next morning the duchess communicated the intelligence to the magistrates, and, in the course of the day, it was made public. On the following day, all the civil and military authorities assembled, to assure the duchess of their inviolable attachment to her family, and to renew their oaths of allegiance. The national guards were called out; houses were opened for the enrolment of volunteers, and the greater part of the inhabitants demanded arms, some to defend their native city in case of an attack, and others to march against

his garrison should be replaced by others, on whom she could rely. The governor confessed that such a measure was desirable, but expressed a fear that it could not be carried into execution. The duchess, how ever, intreated him to make the attempt.

To have ordered a battalion of regular troops to dispossess their brethren, would have given them an opportunity of expressing at once that disaffection which, it was feared, they secretly cherished. The business was, therefore, committed to some national guards; a sufficient number of whom were sent to occupy the fort for a short time, but not enough to attempt its reduction, in case of resistance. This measure, which was adopted after mature deliberation, in all probability, prevented a considerable effusion of blood. The garrison not only refused admittance to the corps sent to replace them, but immediately avowed their sentiments, by hoisting the tri-coloured flag on the fortress; in consequence of which the national guards returned to Bourdeaux.

At this juncture, M. Lainé, the president of the chamber of deputies, arrived, and published the following interesting and patriotic proclamation :—

gazine of arms was at length discovered, and several volunteer corps were equipped, who were animated by the best spirit, and who loudly expressed their resolution of defending the town to the last extremity.

On the approach of General Clausel, who commanded the troops of Buonaparte, picquets were sent out to guard the bridges which were situated on the principal roads; but some of them fled after a short and ineffectual resistance, and the rest deserted to the enemy,

Anxious to save the city from the horrors of a bombardment or a siege, the duchess sent for the governor, and intimated her determination to march out at the head of the garrison, and attack the foe. To this proposal the governor strongly objected, on the ground that he could not answer for the fidelity of the troops.

"In the name of the French nation, and as president of the chamber of deputies, I enter my protest against the decrees by which the usurper of France has pretended to pronounce the dissolution of the chambers. I declare, in consequence, that all the proprietors are released from the payment of contributions to the agents of Napoleon Buonaparte, and that every family is forbidden to assist him in raising any armed force, whether by means of conscription or enlistment. "After so atrocious an attempt on the liberties of Frenchmen, it becomes the duty of all to maintain their individual rights. Long since released from their oaths" Then," said she, "the national guards and volunteers to Napoleon, and bound by their vows to their country and king, they will render themselves opprobrious in the eyes of the nation and of posterity, if they do not use every means in their power to oppose and to defeat the invader. History, by eternizing the memory of those who in every country have refused to bend to tyranny, covers with shame and disgrace the citizens who, forgetful of the dignity of human nature, submit to be the miserable agents of despotism.

will be sufficient. They are eager for the combat, and on their attachment and bravery I can surely rely.” It was answered that, if these forces attempted to pass the river, the garrison would follow, and, placing them between two fires, cut off every man. "Is it, then, impossible," enquired the duchess, "to employ, or even to rely on the neutrality of that garrison, for the fidelity of which you so recently pledged yourself?" "Impossible," replied the governor. "I will satisfy myself," said the heroic princess. "Assemble your troops in their respective barracks." The governor in

might be attended. "I did not ask you, sir," said the heroic princess, "if there would be danger. I only request you will obey my orders."

"In the full persuasion that the French are sufficiently impressed with the importance of their liberties and their rights, to impose on themselves the most sa-vain represented the danger by which this measure cred of all duties, I have published the present protestation, which, in the name of the honourable colleagues over whom I have presided, and of France whom they represent, will be deposited in the archives, She now proceeded to the barrack of a regiment of to be produced when necessary, to the confusion of the infantry, and, placing herself in the centre of the tyrant. square, addressed the troops in the most animated lan“P.S. Having read in the hall of sitting the procla-guage. She described in glowing colours the character mation of the king on the 20th of March, at the moment when the soldiers of Napoleon Buonaparte entered Paris, I am arrived at the department which deputed me. I am at iny post under the orders of the Duchess of Angouleme, occupied in preserving the honour and liberty of one part of France, and anxiously waiting until the rest shall be delivered from the most odious tyranny which ever threatened a great nation. I will never submit to Napoleon Buonaparte; and he, who has been honoured with the situation of president of the representatives of France, aspires to the honour of being the first victim of the enemy of his king, his country, and liberty."

and designs of the invader, and the dangers with which France was menaced. She reminded them of the oath of allegiance which they had taken, and intreated them to share with the national guards in the honour of combatting the rebels.

Finding that the troops maintained a sullen silence, she again addressed them, "Will you not fight for the daughter of your king?" Cries of "No! no!" resounded from every rank. "Will you then remain neutral if the national guard and volunteers attack the rebels?" "No!" they again exclaimed. Deeply affected, the duchess burst into tears; and asked, “Will you, then, betray me, and give me up to my enemies?" "No!" said they, "but we do not wish for a civil war and we desire that you will quit France."

Animated by the presence and assistance of this champion of liberty, the duchess redoubled her exer- Notwithstanding this cruel repulse, the princess protions to inspire the Bordelais with sentiments of loyalty, ceeded to the barracks of the other troops: her eloand to place the city in a posture of defence. A ma-quence, however, proved ineffectual, and her tears

flowed in vain. One officer alone yielded to her affecting arguments. "This is too much!" said he; and, placing himself by the side of the duchess, exclaimed, "I will follow you wherever you go."

"Brave Bordelais !

"Your fidelity is well known to me. Your unlimited devotion does not permit you to foresee any danger but my attachment for you and for every Frenchman directs me to foresee it. The prolongation of my stay in your city might aggravate circumstances, and bring down upon you the weight of vengeance. I have not the courage to behold Frenchmen unhappy, and to be the cause of their misfortunes.

Convinced that resistance would be unavailing, the duchess was now anxious to preserve the town from pillage. She therefore returned to the quay on which the guards and volunteers were assembled. They received her with acclamations, and demanded to be led against the foe. Silence was at length procured, when she thus addressed them, "Swear to obey me!" "We swear," they unanimously replied. "Brave French-you that they shall be faithfully transmitted to the king. men!" said she, "faithful Bordelais! I entreat you to Soon, with God's assistance, and under happier authink no longer of defending the city, the troops of the spices, you shall witness my gratitude and that of the line will not support you, and your exertions will be prince whom you love. useless."

General Clausel's troops were now drawn up on the other side of the river. The national guards and volunteers, as if actuated by one impulse, fired on them a volley. Fortunately, however, it did no execution, and was not returned. "You have sworn to obey me," exclaimed the princess. "Remain faithful to your oath. I will be answerable to the king and to France for your fidelity. The sacrifice which I demand of you is as terrible to me as to yourselves; but it is the only mean of saving the city from destruction."

"I leave you, brave Bordelais! deeply penetrated with the sentiments you have expressed, and assure

(Signed)

"MARIA THERESA."

The troops under General Clausel now entered the city, and were received by the garrison with acclamations; the national guard submitted in silence; and, notwithstanding the universal feeling which seemed to exist, a few hours before, in favour of Louis XVIII., an immense crowd assembled round the gates to welcome the forces of the usurper.

The Duke of Angouleme, in the mean time, was occupied in the southern departments, where fortune seemed, for a while, to smile on his exertions. Some regiments of the line followed him with an appearance of unfeigned attachment, and his army soon increased to upwards of six thousand men. His first encounter with the Corsican's troops proved successful; but, the soldiers being seduced from their allegiance, and numerous corps of the enemy advancing against him on every side, he was under the necessity of surrendering to General Gilly. His force, however, was sufficiently

The duchess had no sooner retired to the palace than a herald was despatched to General Clausel, requesting him to suspend his attack. He readily consented, and guaranteed the safety of the city. The princess prepared for her departure on the following night. But new alarms succeeded every moment, and many of the volunteers were irritated almost to madness. Crowds of people now ran through the streets, denouncing vengeance against the adherents of Buonaparte; and it was deemed necessary to confine the troops to their bar-respectable to ensure honourable terms. An universal racks.

The best friends of the Bourbons now hastened to the duchess, and intreated her to depart immediately. She saw the propriety of their request, and the same evening embarked on board a small vessel which the English consul had stationed in the river for her accommodation.

No sooner was her departure intimated, than many of the inhabitants followed her to the shore, earnestly intreating her to remain. They then begged her to bestow on them some token of her regard, which they might treasure up with fond remembrance; and they retired, satisfied and thankful, when her shawl, her ribands, and her feathers, were cut into pieces, and distributed among them.

amnesty was granted. The lives and property of his adherents were guaranteed, and the duke received a safe convoy to Cette, where he was to embark for England or Spain.

The duke had no sooner commenced his journey than General Grouchy arrived, and assumed the command of Buonaparte's troops. Conceiving that the former commander had exceeded his powers, he would not suffer the duke to proceed to the place of his destination, till he had despatched a courier to Paris for instructions. Napoleon could not refuse to accede to the terms which had been granted by General Gilly, without exposing himself to general opprobrium; but, with his usual subtilty, he seized the opportunity of giving a colour of generosity to what was merely an act of jus

The next morning the following proclamation was tice. He wrote the following letter to Grouchy, and, found placarded on the walls:

without alluding to the convention already concluded,

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