Properties of perfect gases. Variation of boiling-point with pressure. Isothermal and adiabatic curves.

Variation of volume with temperature. Conductivity of Solids.

Light. Laws of Photometry and their experimental verification. Electricity and Magnetism. Definition and measurement of current, electromotive force, resistance, capacity, inductance in the electromagnetic and practical systems of units.

Determination of small resistances by the potentiometer method.
Determination of the insulation resistance.

Elementary theory of solenoids. Investigation of the magnetic properties of iron by the magnetometer. Forces on currents in magnetic fields. Electromotive force developed in a moving wire in a magnetic field. Laws of electro-magnetic induction. Ballistic method of investigating induction in iron. Loss of energy by hysteresis and Foucault currents.

Fundamental principles of continuous and alternating current dynamos and motors. Effect of inductance and capacity on alternating currents; alternate current transformers.

Action of ammeters, volt-meters, and watt-meters for continuous and alternating currents.

Applied Mechanics. (a) Statics (Analytical and Graphic). Equilibrium of Machines and Structures. Forces in roofs, bridges, and other frameworks. Reciprocal figures; Dynamic frames. Stability of stone, brick, and concrete structures. Stability of earthwork.

(b) Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery and Machine Design. The forces on the parts of moving machines. Balancing. Crank effort diagrams. Flywheels; Gyrostats; Governors; Valve gears and diagrams. Gearing. Friction.

(c) Hydraulics. Stability of floating bodies. Pressure on surfaces. Flow through orifices, pipes, and channels. Gauging streams. Water meters. Fluid friction. Water mains. Turbines and water wheels. (d) Elements of Sanitary Engineering. Water-supply and purification. Ventilation. Drainage. Sewage disposal.

Strength of Materials. Behaviour of timber, metals, concrete, &c., under stress. Microscopic structure of metals. Effect of heat on metals. Theory of beams, columns, arched ribs, continuous beams, shells. Reinforced concrete.

Surveying. Topographical surveying, including minor triangulation, and astronomical observations with theodolite and sextant.

Applied Chemistry. Outlines of the Chemistry of technical processes with special reference to Fuel, Water, Metals and Alloys, Building Materials, and Lubricating Oils. Principles of quantitative analysis of Fuels, Water, Alloys, and Cements.

Structural Design. Stone, brick, concrete, and steel arches. Girder, cantilever, and suspension bridges. Roofs. Masonry and concrete dams and retaining walls. Earthworks.

Heat and Heat Engines. The properties of steam and other gases. Generation of steam. Its behaviour in cylinders and its flow through turbines. Reciprocating and turbine engines. Gas engines. Refrigerating machines. Boiler and engine testing.

Electrical Engineering. Design and testing of direct and alternating current generators, motors, rotary converters, and transformers. Switchboards. Switchboard instruments. Transmission and distribution of energy by direct and alternating currents.

Electric lighting and traction. Telegraphs and Telephones.

SECTION B. Special Subjects.

1. Engineering Chemistry and Metallurgy.

Advanced work in

the subjects specified above under the heading 'Applied Chemistry'. The elements of Chemical Engineering.

The Examination will be partly written and partly practical, and value will be attached to the Laboratory work done by the Candidates during their course as shown by their note-books.

2. Geology. (a) The action of extrinsic energy. Igneous rocks as a source of sediments. Processes of disintegration. Rain, rivers, glaciers, winds, and the sea. The transportation and deposition of sediment, its subsequent transformation.

(5) The action of intrinsic energy. Underground temperatures. Volcanoes and hot springs. Igneous rocks, their gross and minute structure; origin and metamorphoses. Earthquakes and changes in the relative level of land and sea. Mountain building and dislocations.

(c) Development of the Earth, especially as recorded in the stratified crust. The scenery, structure, and history of the British Isles. Fossils as a means of identification of strata.

(d) Applied Geology. The construction of geological maps. supply. The principles of coal- and metal-mining.

IX. SUPPLEMENTARY SUBJECTS.*

1. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.

Water

Candidates will be expected to offer (a) Geometrical Crystallography, together with either (b) Physical or (c) Chemical Crystallography. They may, if they wish, offer all three sections—a, b, and c..

(a) Geometrical Crystallography. The use of axes and indices, and the geometrical properties of a set of crystal planes. The principles of crystal symmetry, and its limitations. The thirty-two classes of crystals. The calculation of indices and axial ratios from angles, and of angles from indices in the various systems. The transformation of axes. The stereographic projection. Twinning. The etching and the cleavage of crystals as a clue to their symmetry. The drawing of crystals.

Practical Crystallography:-Measurement, representation and calculation of crystals.

The standard of knowledge required in this section is indicated by the following books:

Story-Maskelyne, The Morphology of Crystals; or,
Lewis, Crystallography.

(b) Physical Crystallography. The elastic, thermal, electric, magnetic, and optical properties of crystals, and the relation between these properties of crystals and their symmetry. The homogeneous deformation of crystals. Pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The geometrical symmetry of homogeneous structures. The physical properties of crystal intergrowths.

Practical Crystallography:-Determination of the optical constants of crystals, the preparation of sections for this purpose, and the exhibition of other physical properties of crystals.

The standard of knowledge required in this section is indicated by the following books :

Groth, Physikalische Krystallographie; or,

Liebisch, Grundriss der physikalischen Krystallographie.

Soret, Cristallographie physique.

(c) Chemical Crystallography. Crystallization in theory and practice. The relations between chemical composition and crystalline form. The

* See p. 69, cl. 10.

growth of crystals from mixed solutions. Isomorphism, and the physical properties of isomorphous mixtures. Physical isomerism. Morphotropy. The form of optically active substances. Microchemical analysis. Crystal structure in relation to chemical composition.

Practical Crystallography :-The examination of crystals with the microscope and the preparation of sections for this purpose.

The standard of knowledge required in this section is indicated by the following books:

Fock, Chemical Crystallography; or,

Arzruni, Physikalische Chemie der Krystalle.

2. MINERALOGY.

The general principles of Geometrical, Physical and Chemical Crystallography as illustrated by various minerals.

A detailed knowledge of the following species, and a general knowledge of the isomorphous and polymorphous groups to which they belong.

Gold, sulphur, diamond, salt, fluor, galena, blende, redruthite, pyrites, marcasite, antimonite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, cuprite, corundum, haematite, cassiterite, zircon, rutile, quartz, chalcedony, limonite, spinel, calcite, dolomite, aragonite, malachite, chessylite, olivine, the pyroxenes, the amphiboles, chondrodite, talc, serpentine, sphene, apophyllite, topaz, kaolin, leucite, the felspars, stilbite, scapolite, the micas, tourmaline, epidote, beryl, the garnets, idocrase, staurolite, chlorite, apatite, barytes, anhydrite, gypsum, scheelite.

The modes of occurrence of minerals and their associations.

The origin, alterations and synthesis of minerals.
Pseudomorphs.

Mineral waters.

The chemical constitution of minerals and the distribution of the elements in the mineral kingdom.

The definition and classification of species.

The uses and applications of minerals, and the properties of the chief metallic ores.

The composition and structure of meteorites.

Practical Mineralogy:-The determination of minerals by the goniometer, microscope and blowpipe, together with qualitative tests, and observations of the hardness, specific gravity and external characters. The recognition of the species mentioned above by their appearance and associations. The standard of knowledge required in this section is indicated by the following books:

Dana, A Text-book of Mineralogy.

Miers, The Study of Minerals.

Brush and Penfield, Determinative Mineralogy.

Section I.

3. ANTHROPOLOGY.

Comparative anatomy of the various Races of Man. The differences in texture and colour of the skin, in the microscopic structure of the hair and its follicles, the varieties of curliness or waviness or straightness of the hair, its colour, character of its pigment, its length, mode of distribution on the body surface, variations in the two sexes. The differences in the contours of the body, the facial features, eyes, colours of irides, external ears, hands and feet, limbs, sexual organs, the skeleton generally, and especially the skull. Differences in relative size of sexes in different races. Known variations in muscular and circulatory systems, with their relation to development.

Effects of climate on the advancement and retrogression of races. Age of maturity and marriage, fertility and longevity of races, liability to diseases, other causes of permanence and decay of races. Intellectual powers of various races.

Anthropometry. Efficiency of the usual systems of comparative measurement of the human body, and estimation of the results attained with regard to the various races. Methods of measuring the separate bones of human skeletons, and of determining the sex, height, &c. of the individuals to whom they belonged from certain of these. Methods of estimating the tints of the skin and colour of the hair. Use of Broca's scale.

Craniometry. The various instruments and systems of measurement; estimation of their relative values and results of various methods of comparing the data arrived at; cephalic indices, facial angle, &c.

Mutilations of the body practised by various races; deformation of skull, nose, lips, ears, feet, hands; modes of cicatrisation and tattooing, survivals of these among civilised races.

Section II.

Morphology of the various members of the group Anthropomorpha other than Man.

Their gait, food, habits, voice, dispositions, intellects, modes of expression of emotions, geographical distribution.

The zoological position of Man amongst the Anthropomorpha, and the exact differences and agreements between Man and the Anthropomorpha in the following particulars. The form, intimate structure, and arrangement of the hair and teeth, the facial features, external ears, hands and feet, general proportions and contours of the body in the adult and fœtal conditions, the comparative dimensions of the two sexes. The form, structure, and dimensions of the skull and skeleton generally, the vertebral column and its curvatures, the tail, the shoulder girdle, pelvis, and extremities, the muscular and visceral anatomy, the brain, its dimensions and convolutions and general anatomy, the sexual organs.

Section III.

Modes of physical classification of races; their affinities and geographical distribution; theories accounting for these. Physical resemblances, how far due to genetic connexion, and how far to the action of similar external causes in different places. Weight to be given to evidence from language, arts, customs, religion, and culture generally in determining the history and affinities of races.

Characteristics of the following peoples (not to be regarded as distinct types, but as mutually illustrative groups):—

Australians; Tasmanians.

Papuans; Melanesians.

Polynesians; Malays.

Chinese; Japanese.

Tunguz; Mongols; Turks; Samoyeds; Ostyaks.

Ainos; Chukchi; Aleuts; Esquimaux; Fuegians.

Rude tribes of North and South America generally.

Mexicans; Central Americans; Muyscas; Peruvians.

Negroes; Hottentots; Bushmen.

Egyptians; Berbers; Nubians.

Dravidians and other non-Aryans of India.

Caucasians; Basques.

Aryan and Semitic nations.

Inhabitants of Great Britain from prehistoric times downward. Section IV.

Prehistoric archæology. Geological evidence of antiquity of man. Characters of paleolithic implements from drift-gravels and caves; other works of man; their geographical distribution and nature of the deposits in which they are found, the associated shells and mammalian remains. Geological and climatal conditions with respect to the age of the deposit

in which the remains of man have been found. Comparison of prehistoric implements, &c. with similar productions of recent savages. Extinction of certain species of animals since the commencement of the human period. Prehistoric camps, hut-circles, &c.; the lake-dwellings of Switzerland and the remains occurring in them, as compared with similar dwellings inhabited in various regions. Prehistoric camps and burial-mounds; megalithic structures, as chambers in tumuli, dolmens, cromlechs, &c.

Section V.

Rudiments of Comparative Philology. Theories of origin of language. Expression of emotion by features and voice. Gesture-language, its similarity in signs and their sequence among deaf-mutes and savages. Interjectional sounds, imitative words; their adaptation to other ideas. Systems of counting among lower and higher races. Classification of languages by structure and vocabulary, enumeration of families of language among mankind with their relation to physical races. Picture-writing, its passage into phonetic writing; origins of syllabic and alphabetic systems. Section VI.

Development of culture generally as evidenced by the weapons and implements, house and boat-building, arts of war and industry, music, singing and dancing, customs, ceremonies, &c. of savage tribes as compared with those of civilised nations. Animals and plants domesticated by various races of men for food and other purposes; their development from wild species; evidence as to migrations, &c. to be derived from them. Parasites, internal and external, animal and vegetable, of various races of man. Staple foods of various races; the importance of cereals in the development of civilisation; the pastoral life and milk. History of the use of stimulants and narcotics, their early geographical distribution. Commerce and migrations of uncivilised races. Social condition of lower races, marriagelaws, rules of maternal or paternal descent, totem or clan-divisions, exogamy, rules of succession and inheritance, slavery. Communal landholding, rise of freeholds, personal property. Blood-vengeance and retaliation; their commutation. Religious ideas of lower civilisation; definitions of souls, spirits, demons, deities, future state, spirit-theory of disease, rites of worship, prayers, sacrifice, austerities, images and temples. Human sacrifice and cannibalism. Magic and sorcery of lower races, their remains in the civilised world. Moral condition of savages and barbarians; family ties, hospitality, rules of war and peace.

Candidates will be tested in subjects selected from the following list: Practical Anthropometry and Craniometry, the comparison and description of the skulls, long bones or pelves of various races of Man and of the Anthropomorpha. Recognition of the skulls, or well-marked portions of the skulls, of the commonest domestic animals. Identification of bones of extinct mammalia contemporaneous with man. Use of Broca's scale. Description of human features. The production of sketches exhibiting these. In every case a knowledge of the general and minute structure, and of the functions of the Brain, with or without dissection, will be required.

Recognition of prehistoric weapons, implements, and ornaments, objects from the Swiss lake-dwellings, and savage implements, ornaments, weapons, works of art, and appliances. Of such objects candidates will be expected to write accounts, naming the race or races by which they are made, describing their mode of use, their geographical distribution, and giving when required some explanation of the successive stages by which their development has been attained.

1 The Examiners will select such as exhibit some important feature characteristic of the race to which they belong or otherwise of special interest.