before being totally destitute of water. Whether it be from tradition, or for their greater convenience, the modern inhabitants still cut their hair almost entirely off, preserving only two locks on the temples."

Brydone mentions some statues, which, though of marble, gave a good idea of the dresses worn in the last century, for they were formed of pieces of dif ferent colours. The shoes were black, the stockings red, and the garments of blue, green, and almost every hue, ornamented with a rich lace of giall' antique. The periwigs of the men, as well as the head-dresses of the ladies, were white, and the flowing ruffles were of the same colour.

In this island is found a fish called Pinna marina, from which is extracted a fine thread, much resembling silk, which the inhabitants make into beautiful gloves and stockings.

THE TOILETTE IN ANCIENT ROME.

CHAPTER XXIX.

HE Romans, like the Greeks, had a distinguishing feature of dress which was different from that of all other nations the toga-and it corresponded with the pallium of the Greeks. It was a robe of peace, and was chiefly worn in the city. The toga worn by the early Romans, when they had no other dress, was narrow and close, covering the arms and hanging down to the feet. Afterwards, how

ever, it was a very loose flowing robe, closed at the bottom, but open from the top as far as the waist, and made without any sleeves. The right arm was always bare, and the left supported a part of the drapery, which, being thrown back over the shoul

der, formed a sort of cavity or pocket.

The toga

called a stola; it had a broad border reaching to the feet, and when they went abroad they threw over it a kind of mantle called palla.

There are, however, various opinions on this subject; some learned authors assert that the toga and the stola were the same garment as to shape and form, the only difference between them being that the latter had a border or fringe; others repudiate this idea, and declare that they were in every way different.

The usual colour for the toga was white, but when

persons were in mourning they wore it of a black or dark colour. Magistrates and some of the priests added a purple border, and generals, when they were victorious, had the toga splendidly embroidered. Thus we read in the "Eneid: "

"The leaders are distinguished from the rest,
The victor honoured with a nobler vest;
Where gold and purple strive in equal rows,
And needlework its happy cost bestows."

Young men, till they were considered of an age to be freed from the constraint of guardians and teachers, and also unmarried women, wore a toga edged with purple. When the former were old enough to assume the manly robe, many ceremonies were observed, and the youth was formally invested with a toga of pure white. Underneath this garment was worn another made of white woollen stuffs, called a tunic; it reached to the knees in front, and to the middle of the legs behind. When first invented it had no sleeves; afterwards, however, sleeves were worn with fringes at the hands. A girdle or belt confined the tunic round the waist.

"A golden belt shall gird his manly side,

Which with a sparkling diamond shall be tied."-Æneid.

The women's tunic reached to the feet and had long sleeves; they also wore a girdle.

Tunics were often presented to foreign princes as presents; Virgil says:

"And rich embroidered vests for presents bear."

And Æneas presents embroidered garments to the Queen of Carthage :

"A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire,
An upper vest, once Helen's rich attire ;
From Argos by the famed adultress brought,

With golden flowers and winding foliage wrought."

Linen clothes were not worn by the Romans till the emperors introduced them from Egypt, but they had woollen shirts, and the women vests or shifts. In later ages a kind of great-coat was thrown over the rest of the dress; it was open in front, and fastened with clasps or buckles, and was called lacerna. The materials of which it was made were various; sometimes it was made of many colours, and in later ages it usurped the place of the toga to such a degree, that ancient writers relate that Augustus one day from his tribunal seeing a number of citizens dressed in the lacerna, gave orders to his officers not to allow any one wearing that garment to enter the Forum or Circus.

The Romans had another great-coat called penula, which was shorter and narrower than the one we have just described; it had a hood, and was worn on journeys and in the army. It was used by men and women, and was often made of skins.

Their coverings for the feet were various; they had neither stockings nor breeches, but wrapped their limbs with pieces of cloth. They had a kind of shoe called calceus, which covered the whole foot, and was tied with a latchet; also sandals, which projected the sole only. The calcei were worn with the