the sheep-skin kalpac of the Tartars.

They bind

their waist with a fillet of silk or wool, in which they carry pistols, a tobacco pipe, a horn with powder and shot, a bag to hold their money and tinder-box, and a large knife with a brass handle set with false

stones.

THE TOILETTE IN POLAND.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

MEN of all ranks in Poland, whether gentle or simple, formerly shaved off their hair, leaving only

one or two ringlets on the crown of the head. They seem, however, to have admired large whiskers and long moustaches, which looked very fierce so long as the nearly bald pate was not seen; but when the bonnet was removed, the face and head formed a singular contrast.

The vest of the peasants reaches down to the middle of the leg, and the sleeves fit quite tight to the arms. Over this is

worn a gown lined with fur, and confined round the waist by a sash; but in summer they only wear a shirt and drawers of coarse linen, without any shoes and

stockings. They wrap the rind of trees round their legs and feet in winter, and cover their bodies with sheep-skin cloaks; they have neither neckcloth nor stock, and wear on their heads a fur cap or bonnet. The lower orders cover their heads

with a piece of linen, from under which the hair hangs in long plaits. Many add to this another long piece of linen, which, hanging on each side of the face, and reaching down to the knees, makes them look as if they were doing penance in a white sheet.

The costume of the higher classes. is very elegant and becoming, and much admired by all nations. Their waistcoat has sleeves, and over it is

worn an upper vest of a different colour, which reaches to below the knee: the sleeves in warm weather are tied behind the shoulders. The sash, or girdle, is generally rich and ornamented; a sabre is suspended from it, and is a badge of nobility. Their robes are very rich. In summer they are made of silk, in winter of cloth, stuff, or velvet, ornamented and lined with the most expensive furs. Their boots are of yellow turkey leather, very thin, and plated with iron heels, made in the shape of a half-moon; their caps and bonnets are of the finest furs, and their cloaks, when on horseback, are of sable, or of the skins of tigers or leopards. Some of the Polish nobles have as many as

fifty suits of the richest vests, which descend from father to son.

An old author asserts that Charles II. of England thought of introducing this costume into his court, and after his restoration he himself wore it for two years; not, however, so much from admiration of its elegance, as from the patriotic wish of encouraging the manufacture of broad-cloth.

The habit of the ladies is a long rich robe, ornamented and lined with fur, called a polonaise.

THE TOILETTE IN RUSSIA.

CHAPTER XXXV.

URN we now to snowy mountains and glittering icebergs,-to the land of the czars, the cold and dreary clime of the north.

As may be supposed, in so severe and frozen a country as Russia, skins and furs form two of the principal articles of clothing. The ancient dress of the men was a kind of swaddling coat of skins, or of coarse linen, lined with skins, furs, or cloth. Round their waists they twisted a coloured shawl; they wore trousers and boots, and allowed their beards to grow very long. Of later years the men, however, have adopted the dress usual among the other nations of Europe, and beards are but rarely