The par value of the Maltese scudo is 40 cents in Federal money.

The coins in circulation are chiefly Spanish dollars and doubloons, and Sicilian dollars and ounces. They are valued each at a certain rate, as follows, on which a variable agio is charged.

Spanish dollar

=

30 tari 10 grani.

Spanish doubloon=38 scudi 9 tari.

Sicilian dollar

Sicilian ounce

= 30 tari.

=6 scudi 3 tari.

Reduce 1108 Maltese

80. United States on Malta.

scudi 9 tari to Federal money; exchange at 40 cents per scudo.

81. Malta on the United States. Reduce 874 dollars 76 cents to Maltese money; at 1 scudo for 38 cents. 82. United States on Malta. Reduce 3964 Maltese scudi 6 tari to Federal money; at 41 cents per scudo. 83. Malta on the United States. Reduce 674 dollars 60 cents to Maltese money; at 1 scudo for 40 cents.

SMYRNA.

Accounts are kept here in piastres or gooroosh. The piastre, also called the Turkish dollar, is divided sometimes into 12 temins, sometimes into 40 paras or medini; but the usual division is into aspers, the number of which varies. Thus, the English and Swedes divide the piastre into 80 aspers; the Dutch, French, and Venetians into 100 aspers; the Turks, Greeks, Persians, and Armenians into 120 aspers. An An asper is a third part of a para.

Bills of exchange are often drawn on Smyrna in foreign coin, particularly in Spanish dollars, which are always to be had there; but, if drawn in a coin not in current use, the exchange of the day is established to make the pay

ment.

The Turkish coins, owing to the frequent deterioration of them by the government, have been declining in their intrinsic worth for many years, and have no standard value. Foreign exchanges are conducted entirely according to the price of the day.

84. United States on Smyrna. Reduce 53183 piastres of Turkey to Federal money; exchange at 20 cents per piastre.

85. Smyrna on the United States. Reduce 912 dollars 27 cents to Turkish money; exchange at 1 piastre

for 21 cents.

86. United States on Smyrna. Reduce 7161 Turkish piastres to Federal money; exchange at 22 cents per piastre.

87. Smyrna on United States. Reduce 1128 dollars 22 cents to money of Smyrna; exchange at 1 piastre for 20 cents.

EAST INDIES.

Before European colonies were established in the East Indies, particularly while the power of the Moguls prevailed in Hindostan, the monetary system was very simple. There was current throughout these vast dominions one principal coin of silver, denominated the sicca rupee. It was of a certain weight called the sicca. The sicca was used also as a standard for weighing other articles.

The British possessions in the East Indies are divided into three presidencies, viz. Bengal, Bombay, and Madras. The monetary systems in these presidencies are different from each other.

CALCUTTA IN BENGAL.

Accounts are commonly kept here in current rupees, annas, and pice.

12 pice

=

16 annas: =

1 anna,

1 rupee, currency.

The East India Company, however, keep their accounts in sicca rupees, similarly divided, which bear a batta or premium of 16 per cent. above current rupees. The current rupee of Calcutta is 44 cents, and the sicca rupee 51 cents, in Federal money.

A Lac of rupees is 100000, and a Crore of rupees is 100 Lacs, or 10 millions of rupees.

88. United States on Calcutta.

Reduce 17438 rupees

12 annas, currency of Calcutta, to Federal money; exchange at 48 cents per rupee.

89. Calcutta on the United States. Reduce 6913 dollars 25 cents to money of Calcutta; exchange at 2 sicca rupees per dollar.

90. United States on Calcutta. Reduce 46173 current rupees 9 annas to Federal money; exchange at 46 cents per rupee.

91. Calcutta on United States. Reduce 28953 dollars 63 cents to current money of Calcutta; exchange at 1 rupee for 44 cents.

92. United States on Calcutta. Reduce a Lac of sicca rupees to Federal money; exchange at 53 cents per sicca rupee.

BOMBAY.

In the presidency of Bombay, accounts are kept in rupees, quarters, and reas.

4 quarters=1 rupee.

The current value of the Bombay rupee is equal to 50 cents in Federal money.

93. United States on Bombay. Reduce 10137 rupees 2 quarters 50 reas to Federal money; exchange at 50 cents per rupee.

94. Bombay on the United States. Reduce 6210 dollars 48 cents to money of Bombay; exchange at 48 cents per rupee.

95. United States on Bombay. Reduce 8413 rupees of Bombay to Federal money; at 49 cents per rupee.

MADRAS.

In the presidency of Madras, there are different monetary systems, which may be distinguished under the heads. of the old system and the new.

According to the old system, accounts are kept in star pagodas, fanams, and cash.

The current value of the star pagoda is $1.80 Federal. By the new system, the silver rupee of Madras is made the standard coin, and money of account in this presidency.

The current value of the silver rupee of Madras is 44 cents. It is divided into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths. The sixteenth is the anna.

96. United States on Madras. Reduce 72182 rupees of Madras to Federal money; at 46 cents per rupee. 97. Madras on United States. Reduce 2684 dollars 88 cents to money of Madras; at 44 cents per rupee.

98. United States on Madras. Reduce 5367 rupees of Madras to Federal money; at 45 cents per rupee.

CANTON IN CHINA.

In China accounts are kept in tales, mace, candarines, and cash.

10 cash

=1 candarine,

10 candarines=1 mace,

The tale is reckoned at $1.48 in Federal money.

99. United States on Canton. Reduce 12144 tales 5 mace to Federal money; exchange at 1 dollar 48 cents per tale.

100. Canton on the United States. Reduce 8754 dollars 89 cents to money of Canton; exchange at 1 tale per 146 cents.

101. United States on Canton. Reduce 16235 tale to Federal money; exchange at 149 cents per tale.

JAPAN.

In the empire of Japan, which consists of several islands to the east of Asia, accounts are kept in tales, mace, and candarines.

The Japanese tale is reckoned at 75 cts, Fed. money.

102. United States on Japan. Reduce 3714 Japanese tales 8 mace 8 candarines to Federal money; exchange at 75 cents per tale.

103. Japan on United States. Reduce 696 dollars 54 cents to money of Japan; exchange at 1 tale per 75 cents. 104. United States on Japan. Reduce 2468 tales 5 mace, money of Japan, to Federal money; exchange at 76 cents per tale.

SUMATRA.

This island is chiefly in possession of the natives; but the English have a small settlement at Bencoolen.

At Bencoolen accounts are kept in dollars, soocoos, and satellers.

This dollar is reckoned at $1.10 in Federal money, and is sometimes called a rial.

105. United States on Bencoolen.

Reduce 1947

Bencoolen dollars 3 soocoos 4 satellers to Federal money; exchange at 110 cents per dollar of Bencoolen.

106. Bencoolen on United States. Reduce $2379.51 Federal money to money of Bencoolen; exchange at 1 dollar Bencoolen for 108 cents.

ACHEEN. ( In the island of Sumatra ).

In Acheen accounts are kept in tales, pardows, mace, and copangs.

4 copangs

=1 mace,

4 mace = 1 pardow,

4 pardows 1 tale.

The mace is a small gold coin worth about 26 cents Federal money, which makes the tale $4.16.

107. United States on Acheen. Reduce 1432 tales, 3 pardows 2 mace to Federal money; exchange at 416 cents per tale.

108. Acheen on United States. Reduce 3620 dollars 96 cents to money of Acheen; at 1 tale for 412 cents.