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be equal to the number of decimal figures in both the factors of that product.

RULE. Multiply as in whole numbers; and in the product, point off as many figures for decimals, as there are decimal places in both factors. If the number of figures in the product be less than the number of decimal places in both factors, prefix ciphers to supply the deficiency.

18. Find the product of 658 by .249. 7.06 by 3.65.

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19. Multiply 428 by .27; that is, find .27 of 428. 20. What is the product of 3.067 by 8.2? 21. What is the product of .6247 by 23? 22. What is the product of .099 by .04? 23. What is the product of .113 by .0647? 24. What is 7.03 X .9 X 31.6 X 28.758 = ? 25. Multiply 9 dolls. 7 cts. 6 mills [9.076] by 46. 26. What cost 28 yards of cloth, at $7.515 per yd.? 27. What cost 15.9 yd. of cloth, at $9.427 per yd.? 28. What cost 275 lemons, at 9 mills apiece?

29. At 7 cents and 3 mills per yard, what is the value of 18704 yards of satin ribbon?

30. What is the value of a township containing 30519.75 acres of land, at 4 dolls. 8 cts. and 5 mills per acre?

31. What is .06 of 1532 dollars?

product of 1532 multiplied by .06?

Or, what is the

32. What is 03 of 476 dollars and 78 cents?

33. If an insurance office charge .015 of the value of a house for insuring it against fire, what will be the expense of insuring a house, valued at $437.25 ?

34. Multiply 26.000375 by .00007.

35. What is the product of 3.62981 by 10000.

The learner will perceive, that any decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100, 1000, &c., by merely removing the decimal point as many places to the right hand as there are ciphers in the multiplier. Thus, 6.25 X 10=-62.5. 6.25 X 1000 6250.

=

DIVISION OF DECIMALS.

It has been shown, in multiplication of decimals, that there must be as many decimal places in a product as there are in both its factors; and it follows, that, in division of decimals, there must be as many decimal places in the divisor and quotient together, as there are in the dividend. Therefore, the number of decimal places in the quotient must be equal to the difference between the number of decimal places in the dividend, and the number of decimal places in the divisor.

RULE Divide as in whole numbers; and in the quotient, point off as many figures for decimals, as the decimal places in the dividend exceed those in the divisor; that is, make the decimal places in the divisor and quotient counted together, equal to the decimal places in the dividend.

If there be not figures enough in the quotient to point off, prefix ciphers to supply the deficiency.

When there are more decimal places in the divisor, than in the dividend, render the places equal, by annexing ciphers to the dividend, before dividing.

After dividing all the figures in the dividend, if there be a remainder, ciphers may be annexed to it, and the division continued. The ciphers thus annexed, must be counted with the decimal places of the dividend.

36. How many times is 57.2 contained in 2406.976 ? 57.2)2406.976 (42.08

37. What is the quotient of 11.7348 by 254 ?

254)11.7348(.0462

38. What is the quotient of 4066.2 by .648?

648)4066.200(6275

39. What is the quotient of 3.672 by .81?

.81)3.672(4 5333+

324

432

405

270

243

270

243

270

243

27

The sign of addition, or more, here shows, that the true quotient is more than the preceding figures express. We might continue the division, but we should never arrive at a complete quotient. For the purposes of business, it is seldom necessary to extend the quotient below thousandths; but, in the following exercises, those quotients that do not terminate, may be extended to millionths.

40. How many times is 4.72 contained in 637.531 ? 41. What is the quotient of 2.7315 by 74? 42. What is the quotient of 409.867 by .5806? 43. What is the quotient of 125 by .1045? 44. What is the quotient of 709 by 3.574? 45. What is the quotient of 7382.54 by 6.4252? 46. What is the quotient of 715 by .3075? 47. What is the quotient of 267.15975 by 13.25 ? 48. What is the quotient of .0851648 by 423? 49. What is the quotient of .009 by .00016?

50. If 17 boxes of oranges cost $98.29, what is the cost of a single box?

51. If $550.725 be divided equally among 15 men, what will be each man's share?

52. If 37.5 barrels of flour be divided equally among 25 men, how much will each man have?

53. If 46.75 yards of cloth cost $251.702, what is the cost of 1 yard of the cloth?

54. Divide 3712 by 42; annexing ciphers to the remainders, until eight decimal figures are obtained in the quotient.

55. What is the quotient of 9 divided by 266 ?

In this example it will be necessary to annex a sufficient number of decimal ciphers to the dividend, before the operation of dividing can be commenced.

56. What is the quotient 1 divided by 8?

3 by 4.

57. What is the quotient of 62 divided by 97? 58. Divide 1 by 2. 10 by 12. 3 by 16. 2 by 13. 6 by 26. 14 by 15. 40 by 72. 7 by 599.

Any decimal number is divided by 10, 100, 1000, &c. by merely removing the decimal point as many places to the left hand as there are ciphers in the divisor. Thus 14.8÷10=1.48 14.8÷1000.0148

REDUCTION OF DECIMALS.

CASE I. To reduce a vulgar fraction to a decimal. RULE. Divide the numerator by the denominator, and the quotient will be the decimal.

59. Reduce to a decimal.

8)7.000

Decimal ciphers are here annexed to the dividend as directed in the .875 Ans. rule for division of decimals. 60. Reduce the fractions,,, 7, 16, 24, 30, and 1125 to decimals.

11,

309

11

19

61. Simplify of 37%, and reduce it to a decimal. 62. Reduce of of to a decimal.

63. What is the decimal expression of 24715? 64. Reduce, 1, and to decimals.

The learner will discover, that the above fractions,, and cannot be reduced to exact decimal expressions. The quotient of 2 by 3 is .6666, &c., continually. The quotient of 2 by 11 is .181818, &c.; the same two figures being repeated continually. The quotient of 1 by 27 is .037037, &c.; the same three figures being repeated continually. Decimals of this kind are treated in the next Article, under the head of Infinite Decimals. For most purposes, however, three or four decimal places will express any fraction with sufficient accuracy, unless the integer of the fraction is of very high value.

CASE II. To reduce a decimal to a vulgar fraction. RULE. Write the decimal denominator under the decimal, and erase the decimal point: view the expression as a vulgar fraction, and reduce it to its lowest terms.

65. Reduce .4375 to a vulgar fraction.

.43751035; and to reduce this fraction to its lowest terms, we divide the terms by their greatest common measure, which is 265. The result is, 16. 66. Reduce .375 to a vulgar fraction. 67. Reduce .76482 to a vulgar fraction. 68. Reduce .510505 to a vulgar fraction. 69. Reduce .1084058 to a vulgar fraction. 70. Reduce .04608128 to a vulgar fraction.

CASE III. To reduce the lower denominations of a compound number to the decimal of a higher denomina

tion.

RULE. Reduce the given quantity to a vulgar fraction, (as taught in page 40), then reduce the vulgar fraction to a decimal.

The decimal quotients which do not terminate, may, in the examples of this case, be extended as low as the seventh place.

71. Reduce 12s. 6d. 3qr. to the decimal of a £. 72. Reduce 2qr. 14lb. to the decimal of a cwt. 73. Reduce 1R. 14 rods to the decimal of an acre. 74. Reduce 13 dwt. 16 gr. to the decimal of a pound, Troy weight.

75. Reduce 1 pk. 1 pt. to the decimal of a bushel. 76. Reduce 1 bl. to the decimal of a ton of wine. 77. Reduce 4 yd. 6 in. to the decimal of a mile. - 78. Reduce 5 square yards to the decimal of an acre. 79. Reduce 14 cubic feet to the decimal of a cord. 80. Reduce 21h. 50m. 31 s. to the decimal of a year. 81. Express £19. 13s. 91d. decimally; making the £ the unit, and the s. and d. a decimal.

82. Reduce 17 hhd. 9 gal. 3qt. 1 pt. to a decimal expression; the hogshead being the unit.

83. Reduce 15 tons, 1qr. 14 oz. to a decimal expression; the ton being the unit.

84. Reduce 4 miles, 7 fur. 9r. 3yd. 6 in. to a decimal expression; the mile being the unit.

85. Reduce 25 rods,19yd.7 ft. 115 in., square measure, to a decimal expression; the rod being the unit.

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