centuries, compared to modern tendencies involving the names of Shakespeare and Goethe; views of medieval Latin poets concerning Virgil; expression of political and theological opinion respecting the works of Virgil; the idea of Virgil portrayed in the romance literature; the legendary tendency shown in the succession of purely literary anecdote. pp. 39-63. REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. I., pp. 10, 40. 42, 62, 63, 64, 165, 166;

Vol. II., pp. 3, 8, 9; Heyne's Virgilius, Vita Donati, XIV. 52, XVIII., XIX., XI. 40, 42, XVII. 68, 70, xxI. 90; Polydore Vergil, De Prodigiis, Lib. II., p. 99; Tiraqueau, De Jure Primigeniorum, Frankfort, 1574, p. 386; Lampridius, Vita Alexandri Severi xxx.; William Kyle, An Exposition of the Symbolic terms of the Second Part of Faust, &c, Nuremberg, 1870; Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum; Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina Media et Infimo Etatis, Vol. V., p. 301, verses 36-44; Vol. VI., p. 665, verses 17-22; Vol. I., p. 356; Leyser, Historia Poetarum Medii Evi, pp. 1028, 827; Hazlitt's Warton, Vol. III., p. 199; Zappert, Virgils Leben und Fortleben im Mittelalter, III., IV., V., VI.; Dixon, Mano, a Poetical History, Book II., Canto VI., Book I., Canto IV.; Brunet and de Montaiglon, Li Romans de Dolopathos, preface and verses 1257-1268. 1-22, 1419-1425, 1950-1959, 13101328, 1826-1828; Wright's Alexander Neckam, p. 190.

IV. VIRGIL'S BOOK OF MAGIC: Inception of the allegorical method of interpreting Virgil's poems; some of them open to such an interpretation; the tradition on this point handed down by Asconius Pedianus; vagaries of grammarians and rhetoricians concerning the infinite extent of Virgil's learning; the natural result an endeavor to find hidden meaning in all the works of the poet; the explanation of Macrobius; the allegory of the Eneid as expounded by Fulgentius; this species of allegory agreeable to the common taste of all ages; recurrence of the allegorizing tendency at the time when magical legends were first attached in literature to the name of Virgil; the apotheosis of Virgil and his book as viewed by the more illiterate of the romance writers; natural that the notion of a book of magic should occur to them; the various tales in which this book of magic figured; its diabolical character

gradually emphasized; the legend taken advantage of at last
by a quack whose book was attributed to Virgil; a vague
reminiscence betrayed in this book of the Virgilian allegory.
pp. 64-83.

REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. I., pp. 45-46, 78-79, 80-81, 98, 84, 142143, 156-158; Vol. II., pp. 95, 124, 126, 238; Vita Donati, XI., XXI.; Zappert, II. A; John of Salisbury, Polycraticus VI. 22, II. 15, 23; Dolopathos, verses 1396-1402, 2040, 2058, 1547-1552, 22252234, 4084-4101, 4207-4273, 11382-11394; Mencke, De Charlataneria, pp. 26-28.

V. VIRGIL THE MAN OF SCIENCE: Antique notions of the relation between poetry and medicine; skill in medicine attributed to Virgil; the historical basis of the legend concerning Virgil's garden of curative herbs; Virgil's legendary connection with the baths of Baiæ; guise in which Virgil appears to the mediæval imagination; supersititions of classic times which contain the germs of the Virgilian legends; notable similarity of tales concerning magicians; the accounts of Virgil's achievements given by various authors; an interpolation in the biography attributed to Donatus. pp. 84-112.

REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. II., pp. 51, 55, 171, 175, 169, 170, 73,

36, Martianus Capella, editio Bertochi, Liber IX., registrum
Q.; Polydore Vergil, De Prodigiis, p. 18; Acta Sanctorum,
Jun. V., p. 135; Febru. III., pp. 224-225; Tiraqueau De Nobilitate,
pp. 148-149, Vincent of Beauveis; Speculum Historiale, Lib. IV., VI
cap. 61; Leibnitz, Scriptores Rerum Brunsvicensium, Vol. II., pp.
695-698, 881; Andre van Hasselt, Li Roumans de Cleomades, Vol.
I., pp. 52-58; Vincent of Beauveis, Speculum Naturale, ref. in text;
T- Manilius de Astrologia, translated, Book V., vxxIII., Book
I.; Ampelius, Liber Memorialis; Brewer, Giraldi Cambrensi Opera,
Vol. II., p. 290; Robson's Michaud, Vol. II., p. 438; Zimmer-
man, De Miraculis, quæ Pythagoræ, Apollonio, Francisco Assissio,
et Ignatio Loyola, tribuuntur, Edinburgh, 1762, cap. ш.; H. M.
Baird, Rise of the Huguenots, Vol. I., p. 236; John of Salisbury,
Polycraticus, I., 4; Wright, Walter Mapes, Apocalypsis Goliæ, verse
46; Hazlitt's Warton, Vol. I., p. 269; Sir Edgerton Brydges,
Polyanthea, Part I., pp. XLII.-XLIX.; Wright, Selections of Latin

Stories, p. 115; Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, pp. 172-178; The
English Gesta Romanorum, Chap. XLVIII.

VI. VIRGIL THE SAVIOUR OF ROME: The Pagan and early Christian conception of idols as nothing less than the habitation of living beings of an order superior to man; the utility of this notion in accounting for the political sagacity and power of the Romans; suggestions of the possible course by which the tale of the Salvatio Roma might have been transmitted from early times to the authors who first put it in writing; probable relations of the British and Saxons; how Virgil came to be the hero in this tale; successive forms of the narrative; application of the legend to places in Rome. pp. 113-133. REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. II., pp. 68, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 131;

Dolopathos, verses 12597-12613, 12633-12641; Brewer, Rogeri Bacon Opera, Vol. I., p. 534; First Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ, Chap. rv., 6-11; Hazlitt's Warton, Vol. I., p. 328; Leyser, Historia Poetarum, pp. 2081-2085; Thoms, Early English Prose Romances, Vol. II., pp. 37-40; Roman Stories, or the History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome, containing seven days' entertainment in many pleasant narratives, wherein the treachery of evil counsellors is discovered, innocency cleared, and the wisdom of the Seven Wise Masters displayed. Fifth edition, London, No. 81, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street. [No date.]

VII. VIRGIL. THE LOVER: Humorous aspect of the magician's character; mediæval contempt for woman; her reputation for cunning and duplicity; Virgil and the basket; varied forms of this legend colored with diabolism; other tales in which Virgil figured with women; the Virgil of Spanish romance.

155.

pp. 134

REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. II., pp. 106-113, 120-123-134, 157-159, 146-150; Gale, Opuscula Mythologica, p. 636; Olympiodorus Monachus, Bibl. Max. Vol. XVIII., Fol. 500 B; Lane, Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Vol. II., pp. 308-311; Thoms, Early English Prose Romances, Vol. I., p. 104, Vol. II., pp. 44-49; Coussemaker, Adam de la Halle, p. 176; Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, Vol. I., p. 114, &c.

VIII. VIRGIL, THE PROPHET: The study of heathen oracles by early Christians; attention drawn from the Sibylline books to Virgil's fourth eclogue; Horace's sixteenth Epode and his satirical humor at the expense of the high-wrought hopes of the Romans; the persistence of the idea of a future golden age in the literature of the Romans; the Christian view of Virgil's eclogue, connecting it with the supposed utterances of the sibyl; the Greek paraphrase of the eclogue preserved by Eusebius; historical view of the opinions of learned men as to the meaning of the eclogue; effect of the practice of centonizing Virgil in the interest of Christian dogma; Virgil in popular religious discourses; his character and that of the sibyl taken up in the mystery plays; the prophetic repute of Virgil connected by the romances with his fame as a magician; the poet converted into a defender of the faith; opposed to Nero; his position as a preacher and a prophet not looked upon as inconsistent with diabolism. pp. 156-190.

REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. I., p. 131, Vol. II., pp. 82-86, 183-185, 87-88, 89-91, 196-205, 144; Zappert, Virgil's Fortleben, &c., I., II.; Verdier, Pantheon Antiquorum, p. 14, plate I.; Claudianus, In primum Consulatum Stilichonis, Lib. II., vers. 424-476; Boethius, De Consolatione, Lib. II., metrum v.; Fox, King Alfred's Boethius, pp. 49, 279; Heyne, Vol. I., pp. 179-182; Clasen, Oraculis Gentilium, pp. 143, 744; McCosh, Baccalaureate Sermon, 1884, as reported in The New York Tribune; Aschbach, Die Anicier und die Romische Dichterin Proba; Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina Mediæ, &c.; Vol. V., pp. 302, 303; Hazlitt's Warton, Vol. II., p. 217; Dolopathos, verses 12510-12529, 12286-12298; Howell, Instit. Hist., p. 289; Yelverton, A Disquisition Touching the Sibylls, London 1625, p. 185; Bayle's Dictionary, Article on Virgil.

IX. VIRGIL IN LATER LITERATURE; Brief popularity of the tales in Italy; the narrations of the early English poets; the conception of Virgil entertained at the renaissance and subsequent to that time; Warburton's interpretation of the Sixth Æneid; contemporary views taken of his works; Addison's theory

respecting Virgil's grotto; Beckford's rhapsody; the legends

falling into oblivion. pp. 191-230. REFERENCES-Comparetti, Vol. II., pp. 128-130, 135-139, 143, 150, 160, 163-165, 264; Chaucer, The 'Squire's Tale; Gower, Confessio Amantis, Lib. v., No. 3, Lib. VIII., No. 3; Hazlitt's Warton, Vol. II, p. 31, Vol. I., p. 254; Lydgate, Bochas, Book IX., chap. I., st. 4; Hawes, The Pastime of Pleasure, Percy Society, London, 1845, pp. 137-142; Wright, Poems Attributed to Walter Mapes, p. 272, 283; Wright, The Seven Sages, p. 64; Marlowe, Faustus, Act 1., scene II.: 6; Thoms, Early English Prose Romances, Vol. II., p. 223; Wright, Narratives of Sorcery and Magic, p. 103; J. C. Scaliger, Poet. Lib. V., cap. vi.; Leyser, Hist. Poet., p. 48; Encyclopædia Britannica, Article Cento; Lizelius, Historia, Poetarum Græcorum Germaniæ, pp. 326-328; Charlataneria, p. 134; Naude, Apologie pour Tous les Grand Personnages qui ont este faussement soupconnes de Magie, Cap xxI.; Mambrun, Constantinus, preface; Warburton, Works, Vol. II., pp. 78-168; John Beaumont, Gleanings of Antiquities, London; 1724, pp. 77-88; Hayley, Poems, First Edition, p. 14, 126-134; Addison, Works, Vol. II., p. 75; Beckford, Italy, Letter XXII.