2. Find the decimal expression of 16s. 41d. and 17 8¿d. Ans. £.,819, and £.,885 3. Write down £47 18 104 in a decimal expression. Ans. £47,943 Ans. £1,408 4. Reduce £1 8s. 2d. to an equivalent decimal. PROBLEM II. A short and easy method to find the value of any decimal of a pound by inspection. RULE. Double the first figure, or place of tenths, for shillings, and if the second figure be 5, or more than 5, reckon another shilling; then, after this 5 is deducted, call the figures in the second and third places so many farthings, abating 1 when they are above 12, and 2 when above 36, and the result will be the answer. NOTE. When the decimal has but 2 figures, if any thing remains after the shillings are taken out, a cypher must be annexed to the left hand, or supposed to be so. EXAMPLES. 1. Find the value of £.,679, by inspection. 12s.double of 6 1 Add for the 5 in the second place which is to [be deducted out of 7. 74d. 29 farthings remain to be added. 4d. for the excess of 12. Ans. 13s. 7d. Ans. 17s. 6d. 3. Find the value of £. ,842 by inspection. Ans. 16s. 10d. 4. Find the value of £.,097 by inspection. Ans. 1s. 114d. REDUCTION OF CURRENCIES. RULES, FOR reducing the Currencies of the several United States into Federal Money. CASE I. To reduce the currencies of the different states, where a dollar is an even number of shillings, to Federal Money: They are New-England, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. RULE. New-York, and 1. When the sum consists of pounds only, annex a cy pher to the pounds, and divide by half the number of shillings in a dollar; the quotient will be dollars.† 2. But if the sum consists of pounds, shillings, pence, &c. bring the given sum into shillings, and reduce the pence and farthings to a decimal of a shilling; annex said decimal to the shillings, with a decimal point between, then divide the whole by the number of shillings contained in dollar, and the quotient will be dollars, cents, mills, &c. a Formerly the pound was of the same sterling value in all the colonies as in Great-Britain, and a Spanish Dollar worth 486-but the legislatures of the different colonies emitted hills of credit, which afterwards depreciated in their value, in some states more, in others, less, &c. Thus a dollar is reckoned in N. Carolina. S Adding a cypher to the pounds, multiplies the whole by 10, bringing them into tenths of a pound; then because a dollar is just three-tenths of a pound N. E. currency, divis ding those tenths by 3, brings them into dollars, &c. See Note, page 85, EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 731. New-England and Virginia Currency to Federal Money. S)730 $ cts. $2434-243 33 [federal money. 2. Reduce 451. 15s. 7d. New-England currency, d. ,625 decimal. NOTE. 1 farthing is ,25 ,50 1 ,75 which annex to the pence, and divide by 12, you will have the decimal required. 2 3 3. Reduce 3451. 10s. 114d. New-Hampshire, &c. currency, to Spanish milled dollars, or federal money. £345 10 11 6)6910,9375 $1151,8229+ Ans. d. 12)11,2500 ,9875 decimal. 4. Reduce 105l. 14s. 34d. New-York and North-Carolina currency, to federal money. 5. Reduce 4311. New-York currency to federal money. This being pounds only.* 4)4310 $ cts. Ans. $1077=1077,50 *A dollar is 8s. in this currency-,44% of a pound; therefore, multiply by 10, and divide by 4, brings the pounds into dollars, &c. 6. Reduce 28. 11s. 6d. New-England and Virginia currency, to federal money. Ans. $95, 25cts. 7. Change 463l. 10s. 8d. New-England, &c. currency, to federal money. Ans. $1545, Hets. Im.+ 8. Reduce 351. 19s. Virginia, &c. currency, to federal Ans. $119, E3cis. 3m.+ money. 9. Reduce 214l. 10s. 7d. New-York, &c. currency, Ans. $536, 32cts. 8m.+ to federal money. 10. Reduce 304l. 11s. 5d. North-Carolina, &c. currency, to federal money. Ans. $761, 42cts. 7m.+ 11. Change 219l. is. 7d. New-England and Virginia currency, to federal money. Ans. $731,. 94cts.+ 12. Change 2411. New-England, &c. currency, into federal money. Ans. $803, 33cts. + 13. Bring 20l. 18s. 5d. New-England currency, into dollars. Ans. $69, 74cts. 64m.+ 14. Reduce 4681. New-York currency, to federal moAns. $1170 15. Reduce 17s. 9ąd. New-York, &c. currency, to dollars, &c. Ans. $2, 22cts. 6,5m.+ 16. Borrowed 10 English crowns, at 6s. 8d. each, how many dollars at 6s. each, will pay the debt? Ans. $11, 11cts. 1m. NOTE.-There are several short practical methods of reducing New-England and New-York currencies to Federal Money, for which see the Appendix. ney. CASE II. To reduce the currency of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, to Federal Money. RULE. Multiply the given sum by 8, and divide the product by 3, and the quotient will be dollars, &c.* EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 2451. New-Jersey, &c. currency, to federal money. £245×8=1960, and 1960÷3=86531=8653, 33 cts. NOTE.-When there are shillings, pence, &c. in the *A dollar is 7s. 6d. =90d. in this currency== of a pound; therefore, multiplying by 8, and dividing by 3, gives the dollars, cents, &c. given sum, reduce them to the decimal of a pound, then multiply and divide as above, &c. 2. Reduce 361. 11s. 84d. New-Jersey, &c. currency, to federal money. £36,5854 decimal value. 8 $ 3)292,6832(97,56106 Ans. ANSWERS. £. S. d. cts. m. 3. Reduce 240 0 0 to federal money 640 00 334 40 To reduce the currency of South-Carolina and Georgia, to federal money. RULE. Multiply the given sum by 30, and divide the product by 7, the quotient will be the dollars, cents, &c.* EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 100l. South-Carolina and Georgia currency, to federal money. 100%. X30 3000; 3000-7=$428,5714 Ans. 2. Reduce 54l. 16s. 94d. Georgia currency, to federal money. 54,8406 decimal expression. 30 7)1645,2180 Ans. 235,0311 £. s. d. ANSWERS. $ cts. m. 3. Reduce 94 14 8 to federal money, 405 99 8+ 85 18 7+ 1790 25 602 14 2+ 685 71 4 *4s. 8d. or 56d. to the dollar==% of a pound therefore x30-7. |