FIRST COURSE. The Pronunciation, 1. The Alphabet. The Swedish Alphabet consists of the 28 following letters, which are generally printed in the Roman characters: The vowels a, i, o, u, y, â, ä always retain the same sound as in German, and o in most instances. E and o have two sounds. All vowels are long () as well as short (~) as: A like the pure Italian a, when long, less open when short: kăll māt, cold food. lag, low. Lenström's Swedish Grammar. 1 E long, is pronounced like a in the English word „lay" or like the French „été", as: rēna mēdel, pure remedies. short, is pronounced like e in the word,,bed", as: It sounds like a in the English word „care" in the prefix er, and before rl, as: erfara, to experience perla, pearl erhålla, receive verld, world I is pronounced like e in the English word "me": Ni (nee), you - liten flicka, little girl. long, like o, as: mot fōten, against the foot. It sounds like a lengthened å, 1. before f, in the following words: hof, court lof, permission skrof, skeleton sofva, to sleep 2. before rl, as: ofvan, above 4. in many foreign words, as: lord, hord, kronisk, katalog, despot, metafor, etc. short is pronounced like o, but it has the o sound of the English word „move"; 1. before a double consonant in the Conjugation of Verbs, which end in the Infinitive in a long ō, as: tro, to believe bo, to dwell trott, believed bodde, dwelt. 2. before m, in all Substantives and Adjectives which end in the Nom. Sing. in om, omme, omma, as: gom, gum tom, empty - dom, judgement from, pious blomma, flower. охе, OX hosta, to cough 0 has an oo sound, ond, angry 1. at the beginning of words when forming a syllable of its own, as: o-färd (00-färd), mischief - o-lycka (oo-lickah), misfortune. 2. at the end of a syllable, as: bo (boo), to dwel-broder (brooder), brother-mo-der (moo-der), mother ko-ka (koo-kah), to cook. 3. in most of the monosyllables, as: bof (boof), boy — blod (blood), blood-bord (boord), table stol (stool), table, ord (oord), wordsko (skoo), shoe. U is pronounced like oo in the English word "roof", as: mus, mouse rulla ut, to roll out. Y sounds like the German it, or French u, as: ny hylla, new drawer; it often sounds like in the word "fir", as: kyrka, church - fyratio, forty. Åå like oh, or English a in the word "fall", as: hålet (hohlet), whole mâtte (mottay), might åka (okah), drive åtta båtar, eight loaves. Ä å like the English a in „fare", or like the German ä, as: nätta nät, neat nets. Öö like in the English word "fir", or like the German ö, as: röda fötter, red feet. 3. Diphthongs. The Swedish Language has no diphthongs, they only occur in foreign words, and are generally pronounced singly. 4. The Consonants. B sounds like the English b, as: näbb, beak. C sounds like k, except before e, i, y when it sounds like s, as: Ceder, Cypern, Carl, lycka, och (ock). F is pronounced like f in the beginning of a syllable and after a short vowel and at the end of foreign words, or when it stands in foreign words instead of ph, as: 2. At the end of a syllable, it sounds like v, chiefly after long vowel and after 7 or r, as: kalf, calf kalfvar, calves haf, sea. 3. F is mute if joined to V in the same syllable as: hafva (havah), to have kalfven (kalven), the calf. but if V belongs to another syllable, it sounds double as: drifved (driv-ved), driftwood. 4. The f takes an additional v before a vowel, as: bref, letter brefvet, the letter. G is pronounced like the English g in the word "good"; 1. before the vowels a, o, u, â, as: gud gaf en god gåfva, God gave a good gift. dag, day feg, cowardly dygd, virtue glädje, joy. nog, enough 4. before e and in short final syllables, as: mogen, ripe spegel, looking-glass-tagit, taken. G is pronounced soft like the English y in yellow, or like the German j, 1. before the vowels: y, ä, ö, as: gynna, to favour begära, to desire. 2. before e and i if they do not belong to short final syllables, as: |