genom, through gifva, to give gerna, willingly giga, the fiddle. regera, to govern 3. after and r in the same primitive syllable, as: talg, tallow berg, mountain borgare, citizen färga, to colour. borg, castle 4. g is pronounced almost like k, if it stands after slägte, gender flygt, flight. 5. gj in the same syllable sounds like j, as: gjort (jort), made gjuta (juta), tocast (jord), the girdle. gjord 6. gn is pronounced, as if a second n stood before it, as: vagn (vangn), carriage lugn (loongn), quiet. His pronounced in the beginning of a syllable, but it is mute before j and v, as: hjelm (jelm), helmet hjelte (jelte), hero hvila (veelah), rest. Jj is pronounced like y in the English word "yellow"; as: jord, earth jätte, giant. Only at the end it sounds like the german ch as: K has two sounds, a hard and a soft one; 1. it is hard and sounds like the English k before the vowels: a, o, u, å, as: kappa, cloak 2. before a consonant in the same syllable, as: klappa, to knock - vakt, guard. 3. at the end, as: tak, roof 4. before e and i, in short final syllables, as: taket, the roof-rike, the empire. K is soft, and sounds almost like ch (tsh) in „much"; before the vowels e, i, y, ä and ö, primitive syllable, as: if they belong to the same kär (tshär), dear köpa (tshöpa), to buy. P sounds like the English p, but is mute in the word psalm (salm). Qis always followed by v and sounds like a hard k, as: qvarn, qvist (kveest), branch. R sounds like the English r, sharp and full in sound. S has always the same sound as the s in the English word "see", as: se, to see sitta, to sit sol, the sun. stj, sj, skj, sound before all vowels like sh, or the german sch, as: sju (shooh), seven skjorta (shortah), shirt - skifte (schifftay), division skilja (shilja), to divide — stjerna (shernah), star. Sk sounds like ssk before a, o, u and å, as: skall (skall), shall sko (skooh), shoe-skulle (skoolleh), should. but it sounds like sch before e, i, y, a and ő, as: ske (scheh), seen skina (scheenah), to shine sky (schüh), to shy skön (schön), pretty skära (schärah), to cut. sk is pronounced like sch in the words: marskalk (marschalk), marshal menniska (mennischah), man. but like sk in handske (handske), glove. T is pronounced like the English t; tia and tie in foreign words sound like tsia, tsie, as: licentiat, actie; tion sounds after a hard vowel like „tschon", after a consonant like „shon", as: lektion (lekschon), lesson -nation (natschon), nation. As a final the t in common conversation is not sound ed as: det (deh), that, mycket (mückeh), much. V is always pronounced like the English v, as: vän, friend svan, swan. X is pronounced like the English x. Z is pronounced as ss. The Swedish z never takes the soft sound as in English, as: azur, zebra, zoologi. The Swedes only use the capital letters at the beginning of a sentence, for proper names, and the pronouns: Ni, you, and I, you. PARTI. 1. The Article. The indefinite article in the Swedish Language is ett, for the Neuter, it stands before the substantive and is not declined, as: en gosse, a boy - en flicka, a girl ett barn, a child. 2. The definite Article. is also en (n) or et (t) and is added to the substantive, as: Drottning, Queen - Drottningen, the Queen bröd, bread brödet, the bread. If a word ends in f, a v is inserted, as: graf, count grafven, the count. Words ending in m and n, double the final letter, if preceded by a short vowel, as: vän, friend vännen, the friend ström, stream strömmen, the stream. Words ending in an and en, do not take the definitive article at all, as: fruktan, fear and the fear längtan, longing and the longing predikan, sermon and the sermon fröken, young lady and the young lady. Primitive words of two syllables ending in el, en, er, drop the e when the definitive article is added, as: |